_ 35 — APPENDIX J: GERMANY 



and deep-sea fisheries was established in the council of the German "Fisherei- Verein", and 

 this has also been of extraordinary importance for the development of the German deep- 

 sea fisheries. Whilst in the years from 1870—1885, for which no annual reports or 

 statistical summaries exist, the German sea fisheries remained in the condition of a small 

 industry, the year 1885 saw the beginning of the deep-sea fishery as a great enterprise. 

 This is seen, both in the rapid increase in the number of steamers and in the business 

 done at the auction-markets. The Tables XX and XXI will show this more clearly. 



By far the most important part of the fish sold by auction comes from the steamers 

 fishing with the trawl. As mentioned above, however, fish are landed at the same markets 

 by a small fleet of trawl sailing boats, as well as by some liners, both sailing boats and 

 steamers. During the last few years also, trawl fishing has been carried on outside the 

 North Sea (at Iceland etc.) and a portion of the fish landed for those years comes 

 from there consequently, and not from the North Sea. This will be mentioned further p. 48. 



To conclude this section, a short notice on the line fishery may be given. As in the une-ashery 

 neighbouring Holland, a fishery has been carried on from ancient times on the East Frisian 

 coast, and especially from the island of Norderney, with the so-called "Beug" (haddock fishery 

 by means of hooks and lines). According to Lindeman (3), it was originally a coast fishery 

 in the full sense of the word for Norderney; it is simply mentioned here with the deep- 

 sea fisheries, because it must in any case be reckoned with the products of those fisheries. 



Apart from Norderney, the haddock and cod fishery was also carried on from some other 

 of the East Frisian islands, Borkum, Spiekeroog etc. and from other ports (Neu-Hailinger- 

 siel, Carolinensiel etc.). The fishermen from Heligoland also took part in this fishery some 

 time ago, and likewise finally, some from the west coast of Jutland. 



The fishery was always carried on in 8—15 at most 20 fathoms depth and during the 

 period, from autumn to spring, when the haddock approached the coast. Although 38 vessels 

 are still mentioned as taking part in the lining industry, in the official list for the 1st of 

 January 1904 of the German fishing vessels which fish in the North Sea, this fishery 

 seems to have so far declined, that it has at present little more than historical interest. 

 It is stated in the last published report on the German sea fisheries, that the line fishery 

 had been so little remunerative, that the majority of the fishermen had abstained from 

 the fishery. 



The importance this fishery has had, and its gradual decline is seen from Table XXII, 

 giving a list of the vessels taking part in it. 



The results of this fishery may be judged from the figures given in Table XXIII, which 

 refer exclusively to the haddock and cod taken (probably some other species, e. g. rays, were 

 also caught). The backward movement which the fishery has displayed for a number of 

 years, is also clearly seen in this review. 



Within recent years, long-line fishery in the deep sea has also developed in Germany. 

 It is carried on, both by some of the trawlers as well as by some of the drift-net fisher- 

 men, in addition to their ordinary methods. According to the state of things on the 1st 

 of January 1903, the number of German North Sea vessels which carried on both trawling 

 and lining was 11, and of these 5 were steamers; one drift-net vessel, likewise a steamer, 

 also employed lines. In 1895 three "loggers" (from Emden) were used, during the autumn, 

 for the line fishery after cod in the North Sea. 



