26 



GEOGEAPHICAL POSITIONS. 



HOLLAND AND BELGIUM. 



LAT. N. 



LONG. E. 



VAR. 



WEST, 



1895. 



AUTHORITIES. 



Walcheren Island, Veere 



Great Tower 51 32 52 



West Kapelle, Light 51 81 46 



Middelburg Tower 51 30 



Flushing or VUssingen, 



Time Signal ' 51 26 35 



Belgium. 



Antwerp, Cathedral Tower 

 Brussels, Royal Observa- 

 tory [6] 



Heijst, Light 



Blankenberg, Lighthouse 



Ostende, Lighthouse East 



of harbour 



51 13 20 



50 51 11 



51 20 25 

 51 18 60 



51 14 15 



Nieuport, Lighthouse { 51 9 30 



3 40 2 

 3 27 

 3 36 55 



3 35 48 



14 50 



The Great Triangulation 

 by Baron KrayenhofiE, &c. 



The French Government 

 Surveys, &c. 



NOTES. 



1. Elbe and "Weser Rivers. — The details given in the Table are taken from the 

 Surveys of these entrances, made by the German Admiralty, based on the triangulation 

 of Professors Gauss and Schumacher. The longitudes are dependent on that of the well- 

 known Observatory at Altona. 



2. Holland. — The charts of the Coast of Holland are based upon the great triangula- 

 tion of that country, by Lieut. -General C. R. T. lirayenhoff, the account of which was 

 published in 1818. Upon the pomts thus established, the coasts and channels about 

 Vlieland, Ameland, &c., were surveyed by the late Capt. -Lieut. S. J. Keuchenius, published 

 in 1831-34 ; the Texel Channels, by Lieut. A. Van Rhyn, 1840 ; the Zuider Zee, by the 

 same, in 1841 ; the Schelde Channels, by the late Vice-Admiral J. E. Ryk, 1841; Goeree 

 and the Maas, by the same, in 1827 ; and Brouwershaven Gat, by Captain Keuchenius, 

 1826. These fine Surveys were deserving of all confidence, and have been re-examined 

 and amended in later years by other officers. 



3. Amsterdam. — The triangulation of Baron Krayenhoff was dependent on the position 

 of the western tower of the Cathedral of Amsterdam, which was considered to be in 

 longitude 4° 53' 16"86" E. Its longitude, by electric signal, appears to be as shown, 

 4° 53' 2-5.5" E. By a Government Notice, dated August 1st, 1826, Greenwich was named 

 as the prime meridian for Netherlands hydrography. 



4. Time Signals have been established at Willemsoord for the Nieuwe Diep, at Helle- 

 voetsluis, and at Flushing, all in electric connection with the Observatory at Leiden. 



5. Leiden. — The National Observatory of Leiden was estabUshed in 1854, under 

 Professor Kaiser. Its longitude was obtained by electric telegraph time-signals, between 

 Paris and Leiden, and fixed at 17™ 56-60' in time, or 4° 29' 9-0" E. in arc, but by a very 

 carefiil determination, deduced from a great number of telegraphic signals made with 

 Greenwich, in the autumn of 1880, by M. M. Bakhuyzen, it is considered to be in 

 4° 29' 3" E. 



