34 



GEOGEAPHICAL POSITIONS. 



SOUTH COAST OF SPAIN. 



LAT. N. 



LONG. W. 



VAR. 



WEST, 



1895. 



AUTHOBITIES. 



South Coast of Spain. 



Guadiana River, Ayamonte 

 Mouth, Light on W. side 



Odiel River, Lights 



Huelva, Observation 

 Spot near West end of 

 town 



Guadalquivir River, Punta 



de Malandar Light 



San Lucar de Barrameda, 



Light 



Chipiona, Light 



Cadiz, San Fernando Ob 



servatory [5] 



San Sebastian Castle Lt. 



Cape Trafalgar, Lighthouse 



Punta Gracia, Tower 



Mount Sella del Papa, 



summit (1,567 ft.) 



Point Paloma 



Tarifa, Lightho. on South 



point 



Punta Acebuche ... 



Carnero Tower 



Algesiras, Verte Island Lt. 

 Gibraltar, Dockyard Flag- 

 staff [6] 



Europa Point, Victoria 



Lighthouse 



37 

 37 



37 



36 



36 

 36 



36 

 36 

 36 

 36 



36 

 36 



35 

 36 

 36 

 36 



36 



86 



7 24 

 6 49 



6 57 4 



6 21 20 



6 22 20 

 6 26 30 



6 12 24 

 6 18 54 

 6 2 12 

 5 48 58 



5 47 

 5 42 40 



5 36 45 

 5 28 15 

 5 25 50 

 5 26 16 



5 21 27 



5 21 



16 45 



16 20 



16 



The Charts published by the 

 Spamsh Government, &o. 



NOTES. 



1. The North Coast of Spain. — The whole of the North Coasts of Spain were 

 excellently surveyed and delineated by Don Vincente Tofino de San Miguel, in the years 

 1787-91 ; at the same period that our hydrography was being enriched by the talent and 

 labours of Mackenzie, Spence, and others. The Spanish charts, still most useful, exhibit 

 the minute details of this ironbound coast with such fidelity, that but little change has 

 been found necessary upon re-examination. This, doubtless, is in some degree owing to 

 the geological structure of the coimtry, which, devoid of sloping beaches, presents a much 

 more effective barrier to the degrading action of the sea ; whUe the S.W. Coast of France, 

 at the bottom of the Bay of Biscay, is embarrassed by those immense collections of sand, 

 &c., the debris of the coasts to the West of it, which is carried thither by the prevalent 

 wind, waves, and currents. 



But while the details of this Survey are so excellent, later and more correct observa- 

 tions show that there are some great errors in the relative position of the principal points. 

 This was detected, among other operations, by the early observations of M. Bory, and 

 perhaps by the Spanish Surveys, which were taken possession of by the French, at the 

 investment of Madrid. Later, the survey made by M. Saulnier de Vauhello, of the 

 French Marine, showed that Cape Machichaco was placed nearly 10' too far eastward, 

 and other points from 4' upwards, also too for to the East. These great errors are now, 



