BEITISH AMEEICA. 215 



They are rare, and never of long continuance, during Westerly winds, but 

 seldom fail to accompany an Easterly wind of any strength or duration. 

 This observation is, however, subject to restriction, according to locality 

 or season. Thus winds between South and West, which are usually clear 

 weather winds above Anticosti, are frequently accompanied with Fog in 

 the Eastern parts of the gulf. Winds between South and East are almost 

 always accompanied with rain and Fog in every part. E.N.E. winds 

 above Cape de Monts, at the mouth of the river, are often E.S.E. or S.E. 

 winds in the gulf, being changed in direction by the high lands of the 

 South coast, and have, therefore, in general the same foggy character. 

 This is said of winds of considerable strength and duration, and which 

 may extend over great distances. Moderate and partial fine weather winds 

 may occur without Fog at any season, and in any locality. In the early 

 part of the navigable season, especially in the months of April and May, 

 with clear weather, N.E. winds are of frequent occurrence, and they some- 

 times occur at other seasons, and in every part of the gulf and river. 



The Fogs sometimes last several days in succession, and to a vessel either 

 running up or beating down, during their continuance, there is no safe 

 guide but the constant use of the deep-sea lead, with a chart containing 

 correct soundings. 



The Fogs tahich accompany Easterly gales extend high up into the 

 atmosphere, and cannot be looked over from any part of the rigging of a 

 ship. They, however, are not so thick as those which occur in calms after 

 a strong wind, and which are often so dense as to conceal a vessel within 

 hail ; whilst the former frequently admit the land or other objects to be 

 distinguished at the distance of half a mile or more, in the daytime. 



The dense Fogs which occur in calms, and even in very light winds, 

 often extend only to small elevations above the sea ; so that it sometimes 

 happens, when objects are hidden at the distance of 60 yards from the 

 deck, they can be plainly seen by a person 50 or 60 feet up the rigging. 

 In the months of October and November, the Fogs and rain that accom- 

 pany Easterly gales, are replaced by thick snow, which causes equal em- 

 barrassment to the navigator. 



Nova Scotia. — The prevailing winds on all the S.E. coast are from 

 W.S.W. to S.W., nearly as steady as Trade Winds, excepting that during 

 the summer months they are rather more Southerly, accompanied with 

 but little intermission by fog, which requires a North- Westerly wind to 

 disperse it. It is, therefore, recommended not to leave an anchorage 

 without making arrangements for reaching another before dark; or with 

 appearances of a fog coming on, which, with a S.W. wind, is so sudden, 

 that you are unawares enveloped in it ; nor to keep at sea during the night, 

 if it can be avoided. Whenever the wind blows directly off the land the 

 fog is soon dispersed. 



In the spring and summer months dense fogs or rain almost always 

 accompany all winds from the sea, from E.N.E. , round South, to W.S.W. 

 In winter, the rain is frequently replaced by snow. During the autumnal 

 and winter months, winds from between North and West become more 

 frequent, and, being oE the land, are always accompanied with clear 

 weather. 



