HUERICANES, 255 



Orleans, is equal to 2,100 nautic miles. The average rate of progress about 14 

 miles an hour. 



(197.) Hurricane of ISSO. — The storm which passed the city of New York, on 

 August 11th, 1830, was there, and along all the coast Northward of Cape Hatteras, 

 considered as a North-East stortn. — (See Chart, liviite VII.) 



It appears that this storm commenced at the Island of St. Thomas, on the night 

 between the 12th and 13th of August. On its progress, in the afternoon of the 

 14th, it commenced at the Bahama Islands, and continued during the succeeding 

 night, the wind almost round the compass during the existence of the storm. On 

 the 15th, in the Florida Channel, its effects were very disastrous. Without the 

 strait, in lat. 26° 51', long. 79^ 40', the gale was severe from N.N.E. to S.W. 

 Late on the same day, off St. Augustin, it was equally so. At 20 miles North of 

 St. Mary's, from 8 p.m. on the 15th, to 2 a.m. on the 16th, it was from an Eastern 

 quarter, then changed to S.W. 



Off Tybee and at Savanna, on the night of the 15th, it changed to N.W. at 

 9 a.m., on the 16th, and blew till 12. On the 18th, at Charleston, the gale was 

 from S.E. and East, till 4 p.m.; then N.E. and round to N.W. At Wilmington 

 (North Carolina) the storm was from the East, and veered subsequently to the 

 West. In the vicinity of Cape Hatteras, at sea, the storm was very heavy from 

 S.E., and shifted to N.W. 



Early in the morning of the 17th, the gale was felt severely in the Chesapeake, 

 from the N.E. Off the Capes of Virginia, on the 17th, lat. 36° 20', long. 74° 2', 

 *'a perfect hurricane," from South to S.S.E., from 5 a.m. to 2 p.m., then shifted 

 to N.W. 



Off Cape May, lat. 32°, long. 74° 15', in the afternoon of the 17th, a heavy gale 

 from E.N.E. Coast of New Jersey, same afternoon, heavy at N.E. Again, in 

 lat. 89°, long. 73°, at E.N.E. In the same latitude, long. 70° 30', a " tremendous 

 gale," commencing at S.S.E., and veering to North. 



Afternoon and evening of the 17th, at New York and in Long Island Sound, 

 gale at N.N.E. and N.E. Off Nantucket Shoals, at 8 p.m., severe at N.E. by E. 

 In the night of the 17th, off Nantucket, and in the Gulf Stream, lat. 38° 15' long. 

 67° 30', " tremendous," commencing at South, and veering, with increasing 

 severity, to S.W., West, and N.W. Peninsula of Cape Cod, in the night between 

 the 17th and 18th, severe at N.E. ; 18th, at Salem and Newbury, heavy gale from 

 N.E. In lat. 39° 51', long. 69°, severe from S.E., suddenly shifting to North. In 

 lat. 41° 20', long. 60° 25', " tremendous hurricane " from N.N.E. 



Off Sable Island, in the night of the 18th, lat. 43°, long. 59^°, " tremendous heavy 

 gale," from South and S.W. to West and N.W. In lat. 43°, long. 48°, a severe 

 gale from the South ; the manner of change not reported. 



This remarkable storm appears to have passed over the whole route above 

 described in about six days, at an average of about 16 miles an hour ; the duration 

 of its most violent portion, at the several points over which it passed, may be stated 

 at from 7 to 12 hours ; and the width of its track is supposed to have been from 

 150 to 200 miles. 



" On the Western part of the Atlantic Ocean, between the parallel of New York 

 and the Northern limit of the Trade Wind, the prevailing winds, for a consider- 

 able period, both previously and subsequently to the occurrence of this storm, 

 were South- Westerly, or from the Southern quarter ; and over the whole breadth 

 of the Atlantic, on the route frequented by ships in the European trade, fresh 

 South-Westerly or Westerly winds also prevailed at the same period, for many 

 weeks. These facts are well established by numerous marine journals, which 

 have been considted in relation to this subject." 



Of the vorticular or rotative character of the storm, striking evidence was 

 afforded by the journals of two ships, the Britamiia and the Illinoin, both bound 

 from America to Europe ; the particulars of which are fully given by Mr. Eedfield. 



