290 KEMAKKS ON THE TIDE TABLE. 



(7.) Havre, — Here high water remains stationary for l**, and only rises 

 or falls 13 inches for the space of 3", much facilitating the use of the docks. 



(8.) Bay of Biscay. — On the coasts of the Bay, the tidal wave advancing 

 from the Westward, makes high water almost at the same hour all around 

 its shores ; and the x'ange also does not vary greatly. 



(9.) Strait of Gibraltar. — In the middle of the Strait of Gibraltar, the 

 surface current mostly and generally sets to the East; but on each side the 

 flood tide sets to the Westward. On the European side, West of the Isle 

 of Tarifa, it is high water at eleven oclock, but the stream without con- 

 tinues to run until two o'clock. On the opposite shore of Africa, it is high 

 water at ten o'clock, and the stream continues to run until one o'clock ; 

 after which periods it changes on either side, and runs Eastward with the 

 general current. Near the shores are many changes, counter-currents, and 

 whirlpools, caused by, and varying with, the winds.* 



(10.) West Coast of Africa. — The currents on the African coast (hereafter 

 explained) render the given times of high water uncertain. 



Between Cape Gantin and Cape Blanco they are strong, and set as shown 

 on the chart. 



In the road oft the Senegal, the current sets chiefly to the S.W. From 

 the bar, strong freshes come down after the rains, and a powerful current 

 of fresh water sets from the river to some distance out to sea. 



In the Bay of Yof, to the N.E. of Cape Verde, the currents set rapidly, 

 and sometimes in very dangerous whirls. 



At the mouth of the Gambia, the greatest rise in the dry season is not 

 more than 6 feet. Here the tide continues to run on the surface for an 

 hour and a half after it ceases flowing on the shore. 



The level of the sea, in the vicinity of Cape Coast Castle, is higher, by 

 at least 6 feet, in the rainy season (which is the season of the strong S.W. 

 and Southerly winds, between April and September), than in the more 

 serene weather of the dry season. 



In the rainy season, or S.W. Monsoon, trunks of trees are frequently 

 carried on shore, and found at 6 or 8 feet above the level of the sea in the 

 dry season. In the rainy season, also, the tides ebb a,nd flow regularly in 

 the several rivers ; but, in the dry season, the same rivers run ebb con- 

 stantly, the level of the sea being then too low to allow the tide-waters to 

 enter their mouths. 



(11.) Newfoundland. — On the coasts of Newfoundland the Tides are very 

 irregular, being greatly influenced by the prevailing wind. On all the 

 Eastern coast they have nearly the same rise ; springs about 6 feet, neaps 

 4 feet. At the entrance of St. John's they set-in in a bore. 



Between Cape La Hune and Cape Eay the flood sets to the Westward 

 in the offing very irregularly, but generally two or three hours after high 

 water on shore. See more particularly our " British American Navigator," 



• Commander Gorriuge, U.S.N., when examining the bank he discovered in 1876, 

 lying 130 miles West of Cape St. Vincent, found the Tides setting regularly N.E. and 

 S.W., at the rate of IJ mile an hour. When examined by the officers of H.M.S. Salamts, 

 in March, 1877, they were found to be the same. 



