THE GULF STREAM. 4U 



degree of longitude ; that is, far beyond Newfoundland. In January, the 

 tongue of 77° reaches to lat. 37° and long. 70° 30' W., and at the place 

 where the East end of this tongue of 77° terminates in July, we find in 

 January a temperature of 63*5° and 65-8°.* 



To this it may be added, that the East end of the tongues of warm 

 water above mentioned are 300 miles South of the Southern edge of the 

 Gulf Stream, as usually placed ; and, as stated before, in a part of the 

 ocean where no Easterly stream is felt. 



The evidences of this portion of the Gulf Stream being much warmer 

 than is due to the latitude, are much qualified by a reference to the Tem- 

 perature Tables of Lieutenant Andrau, drawn up for the Netherlands 

 Meteorological Institute. For January, the latitudes of these two " hot 

 tongues" are 36° N. and 33° N. respectively. On taking the figures lying 

 between these parallels, they show thus, premising that each temperature 

 is given for the mean between each mex'idian 5° apart; the first being from 

 50°— 45° W., the last to the right hand 20"— 15° W. 



Lat. 36^'> I — I — I 63-7° | 63-1° | — I 61-2° 

 Lat. 33° I 69-3° 1 65-8° | 65-8° | 66-4° | — | 63-9° 



These figures show that the temperature is very uniform nearly across 

 he Ocean, and they accord almost exactly with those of our own 

 Meteorological Office. 



For July, the hot tongues are in the latitudes of 38° and 34° N., and the 

 figures show a similar result ; and from this it would seem that the main 

 bulk of the hotter waters of the Gulf Stream is lost in mid-ocean, about 

 the meridians "West of 45° W. 



It is, therefore, safe to affirm that Eennell was correct in his statement, 

 that the portion of the Stream to the Southward of lat. 40° (he says 42^°), 

 and long. 40° — 30° W., drifts with an almost imperceptible surface move- 

 ment, until it is lost in the neighbourhood of Corvo, where its temperature 

 and attributes do not vary from those portions of the Atlantic manifestly 

 far away from its influences. 



(410.) It is with the Northern portion (North of lat. 40° N.) of the Gulf 

 Stream, then, that we shall have to deal in its future course Eastward, 

 and this is very much cooler than the hot core above adverted to. On the 

 meridian of 50° W. the water in July is at a temperature of 70°, on the 

 parallel of 40° N., and is only 45-5° at 300 miles to the Northward. In 

 January these figures stand at 61° and 34° respectively, and thus in these 

 5° of latitude the water becomes cooler by 24-5° and 37° : and looking 

 generally at the isothermal lines, it would seem as if they were crowded 

 to the Southward by the land and the influence of the Arctic Current. 



Arrived at the Grand Bank of Newfoundland, we meet with a totally 

 new feature in its condition. It here encounters the full force of the 

 Labrador Current, which setting Southward over the Banks with nearly 

 equal velocity and bulk, cuts ofif the Eastward course of the Gulf Stream 

 in all that part of the current which runs North of 42° or 43° N. The 

 isotherms, derived from the immense mass of figures in Maury's thermal 



* Mittheilungen, 1870, page 219; and Knorr, pages 42, 43. 



