OIL ON TROUBLED WATERS. 



655 



Rules for Use. — The following rules were drawn up, in 1889, by Captain 

 E. Karlowa, of Hamburg, and will show the best method of using Oil, 

 under various circumstances ; the arrows on the diagrams denote the 

 direction of the wind and sea, and the flowing lines represent the 

 spreading of the Oil. 



i!Ji^^V«"S1T<i\ 



^W- 

 ^1^^ 



Fiff. 1. 



Fijf. 3. 





M]^ 



Scvddivg before a Gale 

 <Fig. 1), distribiJfce Oil from 

 the bow by means of oil- 

 bags or through the waste- 

 pipes ; it will thus spread 

 aft, and give protection 

 both from quartering and 

 following seas. If only 

 distributed astern (Fig. 2) 

 there will be no protection 

 from the quartering sea. 



Sunning before a Gale, yawirg badly n.nd threaten- 

 ing to broach-to (Figs. 3 and 4), Oil should be dis- 

 tributed from the bow and from both sides, abaft 

 the beam. In Fig. 3, for instance, where it is only 

 distributed at the bow, the weather quarter is left 

 unprotected when the ship yaws. In Fig. 4, how- 

 ever, with oil-bags abaft the beam as well as for- 

 ward, the quartet is protected. 



Fig. 6. 



Fig. 6. 



Lying -to (Fig. 5), a vessel 

 can be brought closer to 

 the wind by using one or 

 two oil-bags forward, to 

 windward. With a high 

 beam sea, use oil-bags 

 along the weather side at 

 intervals of 40 or 50 feet. 



In a heavy cross-sea, 

 (Fig. 6), as in the centre 

 of a Hurricane, or after 

 the centre has passed, oil- 

 bags should be hung out 

 at regular intervals along 

 both sides. 



Steaming into a heavy 

 head-sea (Fig. 7), use 

 Oil through the for- 

 ward closet-pipes. Oil- 

 bags would be tossed 

 back on deck. 



