water was greatly different, the pH and toxicity 

 were similar. 



Burdick and Lipschuetz (1950) show that some 

 metallo-cyanide complexes decompose in sunlight 

 and become highly toxic due to release of cyanide 

 from the complex. Cairns and Scheier (1963b) 



found some increase in toxicity at reduced oxygen 

 concentrations and Henderson, et al. (1961) 

 demonstrated marked cumulative toxicity of an 

 organic cyanide in 30-day tests. 



The toxicity of cyanide to diatoms varied little 

 with change of temperature and was a little more 



TABLE III-6. Effect of Alkyl-Aryl Sulfonate, Including ABS, on Aquatic Organisms 



Organisms 



Concentration (mg/i) 



Effect 



References 



Trout 5.0 



3.7 



5.0 



Bluegills 4.2 



3.7 

 0.86 



16.0 

 5.6 



17.0 

 Fathead minnows 2.3 



13.0 



11.3 



Fathead minnow fry 3.1 



Pumpklnseed sunfish 9.8 



Salmon 5.6 



Yellow bullheads 1.0 



Emerald shiner 7.4 



Bluntnose minnow 7.7 



Stoneroller 8.9 



Silver jaw 9.2 



Rosefin 9.5 



Common shiner 17.0 



Carp 18.0 



Black bullhead 22.0 



"Fish" 6.5 



Trout sperm 10.0 



Daphnia 5.0 



20.0 



7.5 



Lirceus fontinalis 10.0 



Crangonyx setodactylus ' 10.0 



Stenonema ares 8.0 



16.0 

 Stenonema heterotarsale 8.0 



16.0 



Isonychia bicolor 8.0 



Hydropsychidae (mostly 16.0 



cheumatopsyche). 



32.0 

 Orconectes rusticus 16.0 



32.0 

 Goniobasis livescens 16.0 



32.0 

 Snail 18.0 



24.0 

 Chlorella 3.6 



Nitzchia linearis 5.8 



Navicula seminulum 23.0 



26 to 30 hours. 

 24 hours 



24 hours 

 48 hours 



30 days _ 

 90 days _ 

 96 hours 



96 hours . 

 96 hours _ 



7 days 



3 months 

 3 days ._. 

 10 days __ 

 96 hours _ 

 96 hours _ 

 96 hours _ 

 96 hours . 

 96 hours _ 

 96 hours _ 

 96 hours . 

 96 hours _ 



96 hours 

 24 hours 

 96 hours 

 14 days _ 



14 days _ 



10 days . 



10 days _ 

 10 days _ 

 10 days _ 

 9 days __ 

 12 days _ 



12 days _ 

 9 days ._ 

 9 days __ 

 12 days . 



12 days _ 

 96 hours 

 96 hours 



.Death Wurtz-Arlet, 1960. 



-TU 



_Gill pathology Schmid and Mann, 1961. 



TLm Turnbull, et al., 1954. 



.TLm 



-Safe 



.TLm Lemke and Mount, 1963. 



-Gill damage Cairns and Scheier, 1963. 



.TU 



.Reduced spawning Pickering, 1966. 



.TLm Henderson, et al., 1959. 



.TL„ Thatcher, 1966. 



.TL„ Pickering, 1966. 



.Gill damage Cairns and Scheier, 1964. 



.Mortality Holland, et al., 1960. 



.HIstopathology Bardach, et al., 1965. 



TL„ Thatcher, 1966. 



TL„ Thatcher, 1966. 



TLm Thatcher, 1966. 



.TLm Thatcher, 1966. 



TLm Thatcher, 1966. 



.TLm Thatcher, 1966. 



TLm Thatcher, 1966. 



.TLm Thatcher, 1966. 



. Min. lethality Leclerc and Devlaminck, 



1952. 



.Damage Mann and Schmid, 1961. 



.TLm Slerp and Thiele, 1954. 



.TLm Godzch, 1961. 



.TLm Godzch, 1961. 



.6.7 percent survivaL-.Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



(hard water). 

 .0 percent survival Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



(hard water). 

 .20-33 percent Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



survival. 



-0 percent survival Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



.40 percent survival... Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



.0 percent survival Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



_0 percent survival Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



.37-43 percent Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



survival. 

 -20 percent survival... Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 

 .100 percent survival.. Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



.0 percent survival Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



.40-80 percent Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



survival. 



.0 percent survival Surber and Thatcher, 1963. 



.TLm Cairns and Scheier, 1964. 



_TLm Cairns and Scheier, 1964. 



.Slight growth Maloney, 1966. 



reduction. 

 .50 percent reduc- Cairns, et at., 1964. 



tion in growth 



in soft water. 

 .50 percent reduc- 

 tion In growth 



in soft water. 



-Cairns, eta!., 1964. 



^ Misidentified originally as Synurella. 



65 



