Significant indicators of water quality 



Part III. 



chemical 

 and allied products 

 (SIC 28) 



The number and diversity of manufacturing 

 facilities in the chemical and allied products in- 

 dustries and their wide geographic location in the 

 United States are such that the surface waters 

 which they use will vary widely in chemical con- 

 stituents. Water quality characteristics for raw 

 water supplies that have been used to provide 

 water for process use for each industry are listed 

 in table V-12. Table V-13 gives water quality 

 requirements at point of use by the various 

 industries. 



Water treatment processes 



The cost of water treatment is a very small part 

 of the overall cost of manufacturing in the chemi- 

 cal industry. The normal water purification con- 

 sists of clarification (coagulation, sedimentation, 

 filtration). This may be supplemented by soften- 

 ing, cold lime, lime soda, zeolite, and deminerali- 

 zation, singly or in combination to provide the 

 quality required from any source of raw surface 

 water. The technical skills available in the chemi- 

 cal industry are of such nature that proper water 

 treatment can be provided to produce water of 

 satisfactory quality for manufacturing processes, 

 under all conditions. 



Description of industry 



Task force III was concerned with the water 

 quality criteria for the chemical and allied products 

 industries. This is in accordance with the 1963 

 census of manufacturers water use in manufactur- 

 ing SIC's 2812-15, -18, -19, -21, -22, -34, -41, 

 -51, -61, 07, -71, -92. These waters are for 

 process use only and do not include either boiler 

 feed or cooling waters. 



Processes utilizing water 



The subject industries and their process water 

 intake are shown in table V-11. No breakdown 

 has been made of the use by each process within 

 a given 4-digit SIC coding. 



TABLE V-13. 



[Unless otherwise indicated, units are mg/l and values 



(1) (2) 



SIC 2812 SIC 2815 

 alkalies and Interm. coal 



Characteristic chlorine tar products 



Silica (SiO.) O C) 



Iron (Fe) 0.1 O 



Manganese (IVln) 0.1 C) 



Calcium (Ca) C) O 



Magnesium (Mg) (") O 



Bicarbonate (HCO3)— O C) 



Sulfate (SO,) C) C) 



Chloride (CI) (=) (=) 



Nitrate (NO3) C) (°) 



Total solids (') CO 



Hardness (CaCOa) C) O 



pH n (=) 



Color O n 



Suspended solids (') (') 



Odor n n 



5-day BOD (0=) (') (0 



COD (0.) o n 



Dissolved oxygen (O2)- C) C) 



Alkalinity (CaCOa) C) C) 



1 Potable water. 



^ Accepted as received (if meeting total solids 



200 



