Numerous operations use barometric con- 

 densers for creating low pressure conditions in 

 fractional distillation. The condenser water con- 

 tacts overhead products thereby dissolving pol- 

 lutants. For this reason, barometric condensers 

 are being replaced by surface condensers in 

 many cases. 



Water under high pressure from cutting heads 

 is used to reduce the size of coke particles so that 

 they can be removed from the coking chambers. 

 Frequently, coke fines are removed by clarification 

 and the water reused. Wax manufacturing proc- 

 esses sometimes use water as a transporting 

 medium and the process water is then generally 

 recirculated. 



Specific indicators of water quality 



For process water requirements, refiners use 

 treated or untreated cooling water, public water 

 supplies, or ground water. Of the total water in- 

 take by refineries, about 84 percent is secured from 

 surface supplies, 7 percent from ground water, 

 and the remaining 9 percent from public water 

 supplies. 



The primary treatment of water for process use 

 is for suspended solids and turbidity removal. 

 Some washing operations are normally provided 

 with water of about 10 mg/1 or less suspended 

 solids. However, there are many refineries that 

 do not treat process water. 



The quality characteristics of surface waters 

 that have been treated by existing processes to pro- 

 duce waters acceptable for process use are given in 

 table V-14. The quality requirements at point of 

 use are given in table V-15. 



TABLE V-14. Quality Characteristics of Surface 



Waters That Have Been Used by the Petroleum 



Industry (SIC 29) 



[Unless otherwise indicated, units are mg/l and values are 



maximums. No one water will haue all the maximum values 



shown.] 



TABLE V-15. Quality Requirements of Water 

 at Point of Use for Petroleum Industry (SIC 29) 



[Unless otherwise indicated, units are mg/l and values that 



normally should not be exceeded. Quality of water prior to the 



addition of substances used for internal conditioning.] 



1 Accepted as received (if meeting total solids or other 

 limiting values); has never been a problem at concentrations 

 encountered. 



NOTE. — Application of the above values should be based on 

 Part 23, ASTM book of standards (1), or APHA Standard 

 methods for the examination of water and wastewater, (5). 



NOTE. — Application of the above values should be based on 

 Part 23, ASTM book of standards (1), or APHA Standard 

 methods for the examination of water and wastewater (5). 



203 



