92 



60 



50 



00 40 



Q> 



30 



20 



Co'p'per and Copper-base Alloys 

 70 



60 



10 - 



Extr 



10 20 30 40 50 



Percent Reduction by Cold Working 



60 



Chart 3. — The effect of cold drawing on the yield strength of 

 hardware-bronze rod, previously annealed to a grain size of 0.050 mm. 

 (88.78 % copper, 1.61 % lead, balance zinc) (rod under 1 in. in diam- 

 eter) . 



50 



'40 



ti 30 



20 



10 



400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 

 Annealing Temp, in Deg. F. (1 Hr. at Temp.) 



Chart 4. — The effect of annealing on the tensile strength, apparent 

 elastic limit, and grain size of hardware-bronze rod, previously cold- 

 drawn 37 per cent (reduction of area) from material having a grain 

 size of 0.050 mm. (88.78 % copper, 1.61 % lead, balance zinc) (rod 

 under 1 in. in diameter). 



100 

 QO 

 80 

 70 



60 =^=- 



10 



400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 

 Annealing Temp, in Deg.F. (1 Hn at Temp.) 



Chart 5. — The effect of annealing on the Rockwell hardness, per- 

 centage elongation in 2 in., and percentage reduction of area of hard- 

 ware-bronze rod, previously cold drawn 37 per cent (reduction of area) 

 from material having a grain size of 0.050 mm. (88.78 % copper, 1.61 % 

 lead, balance zinc) (rod under 1 in. in diameter). 



400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 

 Annealing Temp, in Deg. F (IHr. at Temp.) 



Chart 6. — The effect of annealing on the yield strength of hardware- 

 bronze rod, previously cold-drawn 37 per cent (reduction of area) 

 from material having a grain size of 0.050 mm. (88.78 % copper, 1.61 % 

 lead, balance zinc) (rod under 1 in. in diameter). 



