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On page 6 of the bill, lines 20, 21 and 22, it speaks of the zoning 

 authority or the authority to require local zoning to conform with 

 the State management plan. 



One of the requirements for participation in the grant program is 

 that the agency responsible for implementing the management plan 

 must either have zoning authority or the authority to require local 

 zoning to conform with the State management plan. And you stated 

 this several times in your testimony. 



Further, the States possess further power over zoning and State 

 govermnents have existing agencies equipped to deal with the number 

 of activities in the coastal zones, and following that, the States would 

 have to assume two necessary functions, preparation of a comprehen- 

 sive plan of development of the coastal zone and the ability to regulate 

 alterations in the submerged waters, and so forth. 



This zoning has been a highly controversial requirement in other 

 legislative and compact proposals — usually bitterly attacked by cities 

 and counties which would be required to surrender local authorities 

 they possess. 



Has the Department discussed this particular subject with the 

 States, counties, and cities in the coastal States, and, if so, what has 

 been their reaction to this broad authority ? 



Secretary Hickel. Mr. Chairman, we haven't discussed this in detail 

 •or held any so-called hearings in-house with cities, counties, or town- 

 ships at that level. "We have had in-house discussions on what would be 

 the. effect, if I might digress for a moment. 



Having been a State Governor; having been on planning commis- 

 •sions in cities and boroughs and counties and such myself, I do know 

 there will be sensitive areas which they will object to. But I also 

 think — and I think this from not only experiences that I have had my- 

 self, but in discussing it with various colleagues in-house — that there 

 is a desire in America today that something be done to protect these 

 coastal areas, and that this desire extends even to the people involved 

 and to the governments involved in the local areas. 



I know, for a specific example, the State of Washington was wres- 

 tling with this problem in its legislature, trying to get some manage- 

 ment of its coastal areas. 



I think, yes, there will be opposition at the local level, but I think 

 if we approach this problem in a positive nature, showing that the in- 

 herent value will increase in the long range, I think we will get them 

 over on our side. 



But above all, I think that it is imperative that something be done 

 about it. 



]SIr. Howard. You feel there is a selling job to be done? 



Secretary Hickel. Yes, there is. 



Mr. Howard. I note that the definition of coastal zones includes the 

 Great Lakes. I have always thought of the Great Lakes as an inland 

 waterway. 



How are the problems in the Great Lakes similar to those of what 

 has been traditionally considered our coastal States ? 



Secretary Hickel. I will only talk about, in a philosophical way, 

 trying to meet a problem that is inherent on the Great Lakes as much 

 as it is on our coastal areas. I realize that the Great Lakes basically are 



