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carried out pursuant to section 5(g) of the Federal Water Pollution Control 

 Act, as amended, and the information derived therefrom of the effects of 

 pollution, including sedimentation, in the estuaries and estuarine zones of the 

 United States on navigation, flood control, recreation, water supply, and water 

 power and on other beneficial purposes, the Congress finds and declares that it 

 is necessary to establish a national policy to eucoui-age and assist the coastal 

 States to exercise effectively their responsibilities over the Nation's estuarine 

 and coastal zones through development and implementation of comprehensive 

 management programs to achieve effective use of the coastal zone through a 

 balance between development and protection of the natural environment. 



Sec. 2. This Act may be cited as the National Estuarine and Coastal Zone 

 Management Act of 1970. 



Sec. 3. Section 19 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended, 

 is redesignated as section 20. After section 18 of the Federal Water Pollution 

 Control Act, as amended, there is hereby inserted the following new section : 

 "Sec. 19. (a) For the purposes of this section — 



"(1) 'Estuary' means all or part of the mouth of a river or stream or other 

 body of water having unimpaired natural connection with open sea and within 

 which the sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land 

 drainage. 



"(2) 'Coastal zone' means the land, waters, and lands beneath the waters in 

 close pi-oximity to the coastline (including the Great Lakes) and strongly in- 

 fluenced by each other. For purposes of identifying the objects of planning, 

 management, and regulatory programs the coastal zone extends seaward to 

 the outer limit of the United States territorial sea. Within the coastal zone as 

 defined herein are included areas influenced or affected by water from an 

 estuary such as, but not limited to, salt marshes, coastal and intertidal areas, 

 sounds, enbayments, harbors, lagoons, inshore waters, and channels. 



"(3) 'Coastal State' means any State of the United States bordering on the 

 Atlantic, Pacific, or gulf coast or the Great Lakes, and includes Puerto Rico 

 and the Vii-gin Islands. 

 " (4) 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Interior. 

 "(b) Congressional Findings ; Declakation of Policy. 



"(1) Congress hereby finds that there is a national interest in the effective 

 management, beneficial use, protection, and development of the land and water 

 resources of the Nation's estuarine and coastal zone for the following reasons : 

 "(A) The pressures of population growth and economic development, 

 including requirements for industrial, commercial, residential develop- 

 ment, recreation, exploitation of mineral resources and fossil fuels, trans- 

 portation and other navigation, waste disposal, and exploitation of fish 

 and other living marine resources, impose an increasing number of con- 

 flicting demands upon the finite resources of the coastal zone. 



"(B) Estuaries, marshlands, and other parts of the coastal zone contain 

 extremely valuable habitat for fish and wildlife which move beyond State 

 boundaries : such areas are vital to the life support of a major part of the 

 Nation's commercial and sport fisheries harvest ; such areas, particularly 

 the estuaries, constitute ecological systems which are susceptible to 

 destruction and disruption by man. 



"(C) Continued unplanned or uncoordinated development activities in 

 the coastal zone pose an immediate threat of irreversible harm to the 

 coastal zone and its resources and a loss of the benefits it offers. 



"(D) The coastal zone is a valuable area for multiple economic, recrea- 

 tional, and resource uses. 



"(B) The interest in the coastal zone extends to the citizens of all the 

 States, and is not limited to the citizens in the coastal States. 

 "(c) Program Development Grants. 



"(1) The Secretary is authorized to make grants to any coastal State for 

 the purpose of assisting in the development of a comprehensive management 

 program for the land and water resources of the coastal zone. Such grants 

 shall not exceed 50 per centum of the costs of such program development. 

 Other Federal funds received from other sources shall not be used to match 

 such grants. In order to qualify for grants under this subsection, the coastal 

 State must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such grants 

 will be used to develop a comprehensive management program consistent with 

 the requirements set forth in subsection (d) (3) hereof. Successive grants may 



