472 



amended (16 U.S.C. 1121 et seq.), is amended by adding at the end thereof the 

 following new titles : 



"TITLE III— PLANNING FOR MULTIPLE USE OF THE COASTAL 



ZONE 



"SHOET TITLE 



"Sec. 301. This title may be cited as the 'Coastal Zone Management Act of 1970'. 



"findings op fact 



"Sec. 302. The Congress finds — 



"(a) That the welfare of American society now demands that manmade laws 

 be extended to regiilate the impact of man on the biophysical environment. 



"(b) That there is a national interest in the effective management, beneficial 

 use, proper protection, and balanced development of the air, land, and marine 

 resources of the Nation's coastal zone. 



"(c) That the coastal zone is rich in a variety of natural, commercial, recrea- 

 tional, industrial, and esthetic resources of immediate and potential value to 

 the present and future development of our Nation. 



"(d) That the increasing and conflicting demands, particularly those occasion- 

 ed by the rise in population, on the finite resources of the coastal zone have 

 resulted in the loss of fish, wildlife, and nutrient rich areas, permanent and 

 adverse ecological changes, decreasing open space for public use, and shoreline 

 erosion. 



"(e) That the coastal zone, particularly the estuaries and the fish and wild- 

 life therein, is ecologically fragile and consequently extremely vulnerable to 

 destruction by man's alterations. 



"(f) That present land-use patterns in the more populated coastal areas can- 

 not accommodate the diverse requirements of the coastal zone resource. 



"(g) That in light of conflicting demands and the need to protect our coastal 

 zone, the institutional framework responsible is currently diffuse in focus, 

 neglected in importance, and inadequate in regulatory authority. 



"(h) That economic development has usually taken precedence over other 

 equally desirable uses of the coastal zone. 



"(i) Tliat the key to more effective use of the coastal zone is the introduction 

 of a management system permitting conscious and informed choices among 

 development alternatives. 



"(j) That the absence of a national policy and planning mechanism for the 

 coastal zone resource has contributed to the impairment of the Nation's environ- 

 mental quality. 



"declaration of policy 



"Sec. 303. The Congress declares that planning and development of the coastal 

 zone should be carried out on the principle of multipurpose use of the resource 

 and preservation of the natural environment ; that priority should be given to 

 preserving nonrenewable resources ; that Federal, State, and local governments 

 as trustees of the natural and human environment have the responsibility to 

 protect the coastal zone and insure multipurpose use of the resource ; that the 

 States have the primary role in planning and developing the coastal zone re- 

 source ; that the Federal Government has a major role in protecting the coastal 

 zone and in cooperating with the States in developing an effective coastal zone 

 management system ; that all Federal agencies shall seek to coordinate their 

 activities in the coastal zone with the coastal States; and that planning and 

 developing a coastal zone management system requires public participation and 

 the greater use of the hearing mechanism. 



"definitions 



"Sec. 304. For the purposes of this title — 



"(a) The term 'coastal zone' means lands, bays, estuaries, and waters within 

 the territorial sea or the seaward boundary, whichever is the farther offshore, of 

 the various coastal States and States bordering the Great Lakes and extending 

 inland, up to a distance not to exceed twenty miles, where maritime influences 

 exercise a direct effect upon the land. 



