478 



which the sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land 

 drainage. 



"(2) 'Coastal zone' means the land, waters, and lands beneath the waters 

 in close proximity to the coastline (including the Great Lakes) and strongly 

 influenced by each other. For purposes of identifying the objects of planning, 

 management, and regulatory programs the coastal zone extends seaward to the 

 outer limit of the United States territorial sea. Within the coastal zone as de- 

 fined herein are included areas influenced or affected by water from an estuary 

 such as, but not limited to salt marshes, coastal and intertidal areas, soimds, 

 emboymeuts, harbors, lagoons, inshore waters, and channels. 



"(3) 'Coastal State' means any State of the United States bordering on the 

 Atlantic, Pacific, or gulf coast or the Great Lakes, and includes Puerto Rico, 

 and the Virgin Islands. 



"(4) 'Secretary' means the Secretary of the Interior. 



"(b) CONGRESSIONAI, FINDINGS; DECLARATION OF POLICY. 



"(1) Congress hereby finds that there is a national interest in the effective 

 management, beneficial use, protection, and development of the land and water 

 resources of the Nation's estuarine and coastal zone for the following reasons : 



"(A) The pressures of population growth and economic development, in- 

 cluding requirements for industrial, commercial, residential development, rec- 

 reation, exploitation of mineral resources, and fossil fuels, tran.sportation and 

 other navigation, waste disposal, and exploitation of fish and other living 

 marine resources, impose an increasing number of conflicting demands upon the 

 finite resources of the coastal zone. 



"(B) Estuaries, marshlands, and other parts of the coastal zone contain 

 extremely valuable habitat for fish and wildlife which move beyond State 

 boundaries ; such areas are vital to the life support of a major part of the 

 Nation's commercial and sport fisheries harvest ; such areas, particularly the 

 estuaries, constitute ecological systems which are susceptible to destruction 

 and disruption by man. 



"(C) Continued unplanned or uncoordinated development activities in the 

 coastal zone pose an immediate threat of irreversible harm to the coastal zone 

 and its resources and a loss of the benefits it offers. 



"(D) The coastal zone is a valuable area for multiple economic, recreational, 

 and resource uses. 



"(E) The interest in the coastal zone extends to the citizens of all the States, 

 and is not limited to the citizens in the coastal States. 



"(c) Peogram Development Grants. — 



"(1) The Secretary is authorized to make grants to any coastal State for 

 the purpose of assisting in the development of a comprehensive management 

 program for the land and water resources of the coastal zone. Such grants 

 shall not exceed 50 per centum of the costs of such program development. Other 

 Federal funds received from other sources shall not be used to match such 

 grants. In order to qualify for grants under this subsection, the coastal State 

 must demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Secretary that such grants will be 

 used to develop a comprehensive management program consistent with the 

 requirements set forth in subsection (d) (3) hereof. Successive grants may be 

 made annually, provided however that no subsequent grant shall annually : 

 Provided, hoicever, That no subsequent grant shall be made under this sub- 

 section until the Secretary finds that the costal State is adequately and expe- 

 ditiously developing such a comprehensive management program. ITpon com- 

 pletion of the development of the coastal State's comprehensive management 

 program, the coastal State shall submit such program to the Secretary for 

 review. 



"(2) No annual grant to a single coastal State shall be made under this 

 subsection in excess of $200,000. 



"(d) Operating Grants. — 



"(1) The Secretary is authorized to make annual grants to such coastal 

 State for not more than 50 per centum of the costs of administering such 

 program if he approves a coastal State's management program, In accordance 

 with subsection (3) hereof. Federal funds received from other sources shall 

 not be used to pay the coastal State's share of costs. 



"(2) Such grants shall be allotted to the States with approved programs based 

 on regulations of the Secretary, which shall take into account the amount 



