499 



"(g) That in light of competing demands and the urgent need to protect 

 our coastal zone, the institutional framework responsible is currently diffuse in 

 focus, neglected in importance, and inadequate in regulatory authority. 



"(h) That the key to more effective use of the coastal zone is the introduction 

 of a management system permitting conscious and informed choices among 

 alternative uses. 



'•(i) That the absence of a national policy and an integrated management and 

 planning mechanism for the coastal zone resource has contributed to the im- 

 pairment of the Nation's environmental quality. 



"declaration of policy 



"Sec. 303. Congress finds and declares that it is the policy of Congress to 

 preserve, protect, develop, and where possible to restore, the resources of the 

 Nation's coastal zone for this and succeeding generations. The Congress declares 

 that it is necessary to encourage and assiSit the coastal States to exercise effec- 

 tively their responsibiliteis over the Nation's coastal zone through the preparation 

 and implementation of management plans and programs to achieve vtdse use of 

 the coastal zone through a balance between development and protection of the 

 natural environment. Congress declares that it is the duty and responsibility of all 

 Federal agencies engaged in programs affecting the coastal zone to cooperate and 

 participate in the purposes of this Act. Further it is the policy of Congress to 

 encourage the participation of the public and Federal, State, and local govern- 

 ments in the development of coastal zone management plans and programs. 



"definitions 



"Sec. 304. For the purposes of this title — 



"(a) 'Estuary' means that part of a river or stream or other body of water 

 having unimpaired natural connection with the open sea. where the sea water 

 is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from land drainage, or with the 

 Great Lakes. 



"(b) 'Coastal zone' means the land, waters, and lands beneath the waters 

 near the coastline (including the Great Lakes) and estuaries. For purposes of 

 identifying the objects of planning, management, and regulatory programs the 

 coastal zone extends seaward to the outer limit of the United States territorial 

 sea for water rights and to the depth of two-hundred meters for sea-bed rights 

 or, to a greater depth as the Secretary may from time to time declare, and to 

 the international boundary between the United States and Canada in the Great 

 Lakes. Within the coastal zone as defined herein are included areas and lands 

 influenced or affected by water such as, but not limited to, beaches, salt marshes, 

 coastal and intertidal areas, sounds, embayments, harbors, lagoons, inshore waters 

 rivers, and channels. 



"(c) 'Coastal State' means any State of the United States in or bordering on 

 the Atlantic, Pacific, and Arctic Oceans, Gulf of Mexico, Long Island Sound, or 

 the Great Lakes, and includes Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam, American 

 Samoa, and the District of Columbia. 



"(d) 'Secretary' means the Secretary of Commerce. 



"management plan and progkam development 



GRANTS 



"Sec 305. (a) The Secretary is authorized to make annual grants to any 

 coastal State for the purpose of assisting in the development of a management 

 plan and program for the laind and water resources of the coastal zone. Such 

 grants shall not exceed 5 Oper centum of the costs of such program development 

 in any one year. Other Federal funds received from other sources shall not be 

 used to match .such grants. In order to qualify for grants under this subsection, 

 the coastal State must reasonably demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Secretary 

 that such grants will be used to develop a management plan and program con- 

 .sistent with the requirements set forth in section 306(c) of this title. Successive 

 grants may be made annually for a period not to exceed two years : Provided, 

 That no such grant shall be made under this subsection until the Secretary finds 



