659 



prove this bill. This legislation is an essential part of our energy pro- 

 gram and should be adopted as rapidly as possible by the Congress. 

 Without this legislation, I am afraid, our coastal and Great Lakes 

 States may be unprepared to shoulder their fair share of the Nation's 

 burden in meeting energy needs. 



In January of 1969, a blue ribbon panel of experts on ocean affairs 

 made the following statement introducing the concept of management 

 of the coastal zone : 



The coast of the United States is, in many respects, the Nation's most valualile 

 geographic feature. It is at the juncture of the land and sea that the greater part 

 of this Nation's trade and industry takes place. The waters off the shore are among 

 the most biologically productive regions of the Nation. 



The uses of valuable coastal areas generate issues of intense State and local 

 interests, but the effectiveness with which the resources of the coastal zone are 

 used and protected often is a matter of national importance. Navigation and 

 military uses of the coastal and waters offshore clearly are direct Federal re- 

 sponsibilities ; economic development, recreation and conservation interests are 

 shared by the Federal Government and the States. 



Rapidly intensifying use of coastal areas already has outrun the capabilities of 

 local government to plan their orderly development and to resolve conflicts. The 

 divi-sion of responsibilities among the several levels of government is unclear, 

 and the knowledge and procedures for formulating sound decisions are lacking. 



The key to more effective use of our coastland is the introduction of a man- 

 agement system permitting conscious and informed choices among development 

 alternatives, providing for proper planning, and encouraging recognition of the 

 long-term importance of maintaining the quality of this productive region in 

 order to ensure both its enjoyment and the sound utilization of its resources. 

 The benefits and problems of achieving rational management are apparent. The 

 present Federal, State, and local machinery is inadequate. Soir:etlung must be 

 done. 



Based on the report issued by this panel, referred to as the Strntton 

 Commission, Congress considered and passed the Coastal Zone Man- 

 agement Act of 1972, a law which must be considered a landmark in 

 the area of State/Federal partnership in land and water use planning. 



At that time, however, the tremendous pressures on the coastal zone 

 for the building of energy facilities were just beginning to mount 

 and had not reached crisis proportions. Refineries, deep water ports, 

 JjNG terminal facilities, powerplants, and similar facilities are either 

 water related or water dependent. Most such facilities are now located 

 in the Nation's coastal zone, as are those proposed for construction in 

 tlie future. 



Furthermore, we have learned that oil and gas development on the 

 Outer Continental Shelf will generate onshore support fncilities, pipe- 

 lines, and accompanying problems for State and local officials to cope 

 with. 



The funding of the Coastal Zone IManagement Act, nonexistent for 

 nearly a year after its enactment, is still modest. Despite this slow 

 beginning, nearly all States are participating in the program. But the 

 advent of energy pressures of great magnitude have made tiie original 

 coastal zone mangement program of greater importance and have 

 demonstrated the inadequacy of the funding of its implementation. 

 In fact, for most States, the biggest planning headaches ai-e those as- 

 sociated with energy facilities or development. The siting of tlie Pitts- 

 ton refinery in Eastport, Maine, is but one example. More atul more. 

 State and local permission to site a facility is approaching the status 

 of a social contract between the industry involved and goveniuiont. 



