24 



The Imperativef continued) 

 The ending: -m_ 



MHB-W "livel" 



WHB-M-TB 



rOBOp-M "speak!" 



roBop-M-Te 



6eper-H-Cb "be carefull" 



6eper-H-Te-cb 

 The ending: -M_is usual when the word base ends in a vowel . 



3Ha-M "know!" 



3Ha-M-Te 



60-M-CH "fearl" 



do-S-Te-cb 



( 0HI1 )KMB-yT ) 



(ohm roBop-fiT) 

 (ohm 6eper-yT-Cii, 



(ohm 3Ha-K)T) 

 (ohm 60-flT-Cfi) 



The ending:-!, is used when the word base carries the accent in present tense forms. 



~ 6yfl-B "be:" (ohm 6yfl-yT) 



6yfl-B-Te 



nocTas-b "place!" (ohm nOCTaB-HT) 



nocTaB-b-Te 



3rd, person imperatives . The Russian equivalents of English expressions such as 

 "Let him do it"/"Let them do^it", etc. , are effected by 

 using the forms nycTb/nycHaM in conjunction with the 

 regular 3rd. sg. or 3rd. pi. forms of the present tense; e.g., 



oh rOBOpMT 

 OHM npMjiyT 



1st, person plural imperative. 



"he is speaking" 

 "they will come" 



nyCTb OH rOBOpMT 



nycKaM npwflyT 



"let him speak!' 

 "let them come!" 



This category, rather frequent in scientific texts, simply 

 uses 1st. pi. forms of the present tense without the pronoun; 

 the verb form is usually of perfective aspect, a phenomenon 

 explained in the pages following. Some examples: 



Mu CKaJKewi 



MH nOCMOTpMM 



MH npej],noJiO}KMM 



we shall say 



we shall look at 



we shall assume 



CHamOM 

 nOCMOTpMM 



npeflnoJiOKMM 



let us sey 



let us consider 



let us assume 



INFINITIVES AND PRESENT TENSE FORMS 



For the majority of verbs in Russian there exists a very clear relationship between 

 present tense forms and the infinitive so that, given one, the other can be readily deduced, 

 e.g. OH roBopMT : rosopMTb . There are less obvious relationships, and perhaps the 

 most important of these, since it concerns a verbal type used extensively for the creation 

 of new verbs in Russian, is the following: 



Present Tense 



odpaayro 



oSpaayeuib 



ofipaayeT 



ogpasyew 



oQpasyeTe 



ofipaayioT 



Some more examples of this type are: 



OH K0HX[eHCMpyeT 



OH MrHopMpyeT~ 

 OH HcnojibayercH 



Infinitive 



odpaaqsaTb 



KOHfleHCHpOSaTb 



MrHOPMPOBaTb 



HCnOJIbSOBaTbCfl 



'to condense" 



'to ignore" 

 'to use" 



