28 



Reflexive(continued) 



1) reflexive: the action of the verb is not terminated in an object but is referred back 

 ("reflected back") to the subject, e.g. 



2)passive; e.g. 



Oh 6peeT. . . 

 Oh 6peeTCfl. 



"He shaves (someone)." 

 "He shaves (himself)." 



Ona roBopwT 3to. 



oTO He roBopwTCH no-pyccHw. 



"She says this." 



"This is not said in Russian." 



3)reciprocal; e.g. , 



MaTb ueJiyeT flo^b. 



MaTb H flOqb UBJiyiOTCfl. 



-The mother kisses the daughter." 

 "The mother and daughter kiss(i.e. 

 each other) ." 



4) having no special meaning: this is so for a small number of verbs which occur 

 only with these "reflexive" endings, A few examples: 



CMeHTbCH "to laugh Mh CMeflJIHCb. "We were laughing." 



fiOHTbOfl "to fear fl doIOCb SKSaweHa. "I'm afraid of the exam." 



CTapaTbCfi "to try" Oh CTapaeTCH CMBHTbCH. "He's trying to laugh. 



It should be noted that a reflexive verb form (or verbal) is never followed by the 

 accusative case. 



Verbs and Cases 



In Russian sentences of the type: "The boy is reading the paper", the subject("boy") 

 will be a noun in the N case and the object( "paper") will usually be in the A case. Certain 

 verbs, however, have their objects in other cases; e.g. , 



"He avoids the question." 



"The teacher helps the student. 



"They govern the country." 



Oh HsfieraeT Bonpoca . 

 y^HTejib noMoraeT CTyaeHTy . 

 Ohm npasHT CTpaHOii. 



The verb in the last example is one of a sizeable number which are followed by a noun 

 or adjective in the I case. Some frequently used verbs which "govern" the I case are: 



dHTb "to be" 



"to possess, control" 



"to use, make use of" 



"to be made, to become" 



"to be occupied with, to study" 



"to be interested in" 



"to be called, be named" 



BJiaflBTb 

 BOCnOJIbSOBaTbCH (pf. 



flejiaTbCfl 

 saHHwaTbCH 

 wHTepecoBaTbCfl 

 HasBaTbCfl (pf.) 



HaSHBaTbCfl 



ofijiaflaTb 

 OHaaaTbCfl (pf.) 



OHaSHBaTbCH 

 OCTaBaTbCH 

 OCTaTbOH (pf.) 

 nOJlbSOBaTbCfl 



CflejiaTbCfl (pf.) 



CTaHOBMTbCfl 

 CTaTb (pf.) 

 CyHTaTbCfl 



ynpasjiHTb 



flBJIHTbCH 



"to possess" 



"to appear, to turn out to be" 



"to remain, to be left" 



"to use , make use of" 

 "to be made, become" 

 "to become" 



"to be considered" 

 "to rule, control" 

 "to appear, to be" 



