31 



Russian Names 



A Russian's name has three constituent parts, all nouns: a first name( "Christian 

 name"), a middle name which is a patronymic, and a last name. For example, the 

 names of a brother and sister, whose father's first name is "Peter", would be: 



MsaH EeTpOBMU MbehOB (John Peter-son Jones) 



Bepa IleTpOBHa. WBaHOBa (Vera Peter-daughter Jones) 



As shown, the patronymic(i.e. name reference to father) is derived from the father's 

 first name by the suffixation of - OBiaq/ - eBHq for the son and - OBHa /- eBHa for the 

 daughter . 



Most Russian last names end in -OB/-eB(l/lBaHOB, AjieKceeB) or -hh ( IlymKHH , Bopohmh 

 The declension of these names has special features which may be looked at, when 

 necessary, in the listing in Section II (PARADIGMS). 



Russian last names in-CHWM have adjectival forms(see page 15). 



Adverbs from Adjectives 



A number of adverbs are identical in form with the neuter short form(page 19) of 

 a related adjective, e.g. 



flCHHM "clear" (nceH, flCHO . HCHa) ^CHO MSJIOHteHHOe flOKasaTeJIbCTBC 



"a clearly demonstrated proof" 



uiMpoHMw "wide"(mMpoK,fflHpoKO,niHpoKa) Ohm mMpoKO pasBepnyjiM pa6oTH ... 



"Thev began projects widely(on a wide 

 scale) ..." 



Adjectives ending in -ckkm have no short forms, but their related adverbs are charact- 

 erized by -OHM. 



repMeTwtiecHHM repMeTimecHM saHpHTtjfi annapaT 



"a hermetically sealed apparatus" 

 Use of Adverbs 



The unchanging forms known as "adverbs" have many uses, a few of which are: 



1) with verbs; 



Oh XOpOfflO rOBOpHT. "He speaks well." 



2) with adjectives; 



HpaHHe BHCOKafl CTOHMOCTb "extremely high cost" 



3) with infinitives; 



MarHMTHyiO nJieHKy M0H(H0 "it is possible to use magnetic tape 

 MHOrOKpaTHO HCnOJIbSOBaTb. . . many times.. ." 



The last example, in which the adverb also signals the verbal idea, "it is", occurs 

 frequently in Russian. In close proximity in one scientific text four sentences began 

 with this adverb construction: 



^paHTSpHO, UTO... "It is Characteristic that..." 



MsBeCTHO, qTO... "it is well-known that..." 



CoBepmeHHO HCHO, iiTO... "it is completely clear that..." 



nOHHTHO, WTO... "it is understood that..." 



Impersonal Constructions 



A few examples will suffice to indicate the nature of this type of construction. Thus, 



TaK KaK B CIIIA ne HueJIOCb B to BpeMH "Since there were noClit.: it was not had] 



paspaSoTaHHHX 06pa3U0B ... developed models in the USA at that time...' 



...CHapflflH CJIGflyeT HJiaCCM(|lHIiHpOBaTb "Missiles should be classifiedClit . : it 



no flaJIbHOCTH CTpeJIbfiu... follows/one must classify missiles] 



according to range..." 



