33 



Participles 



1) Present Active Participles are characterized by the letter m before the adjectival 

 endings. Identifying the related verb(a necessary process since dictionaries do not 

 list participles or gerunds) may be accomplished by comparing the participial form 

 with the 3rd. pi. form of the present tense, as follows: 



rpeio-m-HK "warming" ohm rpeio-T : rpeTt 



pa6oTaK)-m-MM "working" qhh pa6oTaio-T : padOTaTB 



HotiTH BOe fiwoxMMHyecKHe peaKawH, npowcxoflHimie b hmbhx TSJiax h b csoeM 



"Almost all biochemical reactions, which take place in living bodies and which in 



sanoHOMepHOM co^eTaHHvi coGTaBJiflKmne o6uen BemecTB, HaTajiH3MpyH3TCfl 



their normal combining involve an exchange of substances, are catalyzed 



COOTBeTCTByKimHMH (|)epMeHTaWH . (npOHCXOflfimHM; QHH npOHCXOflflT) 



by corresponding enzymes." ( COCTaBJIfllomHH: OHH COCTaBJlfllOT ) 



(cOOTEeTCTByiOIUHH: OHM COOTBeTCTEyMT J 



NOTE: A present active participle may be identified by the letter m plus adjective 

 endings plus or minus the reflexive ending-cfl (never -cb) 



2) Present Passive Participles are, in appearance, similar to the 1st. pi. form of 

 the present tense with suffixed adjectival endings. Some participial forms are: 



HaSHBaeMHfl "named, called" WH HasUBaBM 



BHCyfflHBaeMUM "being evaporated" UH BUCyniHBaeM 



McnojibsyewHM "being used" ^iH HcnojibsyeM 



BMflMMHM "being seen, visible MH BMflHM 



HasuBaTb 



BHCyUIHBaTb 



MCnOJlbSOBaTb 



BWfleTb 



OSorpeBa.eMHM napOM, repMeTMyeCKH "a steam-heatedTheated by steam], 



saKpKTHH annapaT hermetically sealed apparatus" 



NOTE: A present passive participles may be identified by the letter u plus 

 adjectival endings . 



3) Past Active Participles are characterized by the letter m or the letters sm. before 

 adjectival endings. In the case of a participle with the letters sm , the infinitive 

 relationship may be easily established. To identify the infinitive for the -u^- forms 

 is more complicated and so such participles are listed with their infinitives in a 

 reference sheet(REFERENCE). 



BHCTynH-Bin-MM "having come out" BKnyCTH-Tb 



ySHa-BIH-MH "having learned" y3Ha-Tb 



06pa30Ba-Bm-HH "having formed" 06pa30Ba-TL 



npMHec-Ul-MK "having brought" npwHec-TM 



ripMBBfleHH CBBfleHMfl 06 HTaJIbfiHCKOU "Included are data about the Italian 



HCCJiejA0BaTeJie-3JieKTp0(i)H3M0JI0re KapjIO MgTTey^M, electro-physiologlst Carlo Matteucci, 

 HSyqaBineM XMMHyeCKHe fleMCTBHH 3JieKTpMtieCK0r0 who studied the chem. actions of 



TOna M OnyfijIMKOBaBffleM B 1835 rOfly BHBOHU . . . electrical current and who published 



[his] conclusions in IS^S... 



NOTE: The characteristic mark of the past active participle is b/bih, in plus 

 adjectival endings plur or minus -cfl(never-Cb) . 



