SECTION IV 



VOCABULARY HELP 



Phenomena, linguistic or other, of a high frequency of occurrence are quite 

 obviously worthy of special note. This section presents, then, lists of Russian words 

 and phrases which appear very frequently in Russian texts . The beginning student will 

 spare himself much dictionary "thumbing" by an occasional review of this material. At 

 the end of the section there are listed various general and special Russian dictionaries 

 available in this country. 



The contents of this section have been arranged in the following order: 



Word Derivation 



Prepositions 



Connectives and Question Words 



Frequently -used Present Tense Forms 



Frequently-used Adverbs 



Frequently -used Past Passive Participles 



Frequently -used Phrases 



List of Elements 



Available Dictionaries 



1) Word Derivation 



Analysis of the constituents(prefix, root, suffix) of a new word in a foreign language 

 is often helpful in determining the meaning of the word. It is a technique, however, which 

 must be used with caution, since the meaning of the whole word may not necessarily be 

 the sum of the constituent meanings, as a consideration of the English verb "understand" 

 will demonstrate. 



Prefixes and initial elements in common use, along with their meanings, are cited 

 below. The student can determine the relevance of these "chunks" of meaning to his 

 particular problem of learning vocabulary in the following manner: select one of the 

 special dictionaries and leaf through it, observing whether or not these elements make 

 their contribution to meaning in a consistent and predictable way . 



6e3-/6ec- 



BSaMMO- 



b-/bo- 



B3-/bC-/b03-/bOC- 

 BH- 



flsy/flEyx- 



RO- 



3a- 



h3-/hc- 



uem-ZueyKRy- 



Ha- 



Hafl- 



HB- 

 HH3-/hMC- 



o-/od-/o6o- 



nepBO- 



nepe- 



wlthout , less, dls- , a- 

 mutual, inter- .reciprocal 

 into, in, to, intro-,en- 

 up 



out , de- 

 two, bi-, double, duplex, twin 

 up to, till, pre-, ante- 

 behind, trans-, tra-, begin toCwith verbs] 

 out of ,out,froIn,ex-,e-,de- 

 among,inte^- 

 on,onto 



over, above, super- 

 not , non- , un- , in- 

 dowh.de- 

 about, around 



first, primary, initial, prot o- 

 across, trans-, tra-, over,per- 



65- 



