79 



1 TEOPMfl 



TEOPMfl (oT rpeqecKoro cjiosa Sewpia - paccMOTpenHe, MCCJieflOBaHwe, 

 HayyHoe nosHauHe) - CHCTewa ochobhux Hflefi b toS hjih hhoS OTpacjiM sHaHWH, 

 o6o6maK)mHX onHT, npaHTWHy w OTpamaiomHx o6!BeKTMBHHe saHOHOMepHOCTM npiapoflH, 

 ofinjecTBa h ueJiOBeuecKoro MHinjieHMH. npHMeneHMe TepMMHa Becbwa MHoroofipasHO, 

 OflHaKO ofijiacTbK), r^e oh npaBOMepen b npHMOM m to^hom CBo'e'M CMHCJie, HBJiHeTCH 

 TOJibHO HayKa. 



HayMHaH TeopwH onHpaeTCH na peayjibTaTU HadJiiofleHMM, SKCnepHMeHTOB, 

 npaHTHKH, T. e. MueeT od-beKTWEHoe oSocHOBaHwe. Ho npocToe onwcaHHe (|)aKTOB, 

 nepeywcjieHEie Toro, xito wssecTHO o hmx m3 suumpymecKvix HadJuofleHHii, eme He 

 cocTaBJifleT TeopuH. B cpasHeKHH c flaHHHMw onHTa TeopMH npeflCTasjiHeT co6oh 

 HOBoe, dojiee rjiydonoe, ododmeHHoe SHaHMe, sHpasKaioinee pesyjibTaTH aKTiiBHoro 



npOHMHHOBeHMH yeJIOBBHa B OdieHTHBHyK) fleHCTBMTeJIbHOCTb C nOMOmbfO adcTpaHT- 

 HOrO MHIIIJieHMH. 



Onupaiomeecfl na npaKTHHy ododmeHHoe snaHHe BupamaeTCH b nayne 

 He TOJibKO B (J)opMe TeopwH, HO M B (|)opMe rwnoTesH M Hay^Horo saHona. 



( Eojibmafl CoBeTcnaH 3Hi];HH.nonej;Mfl , tom 42,CTp. 228) 



2 KAIIMUA 



KAIIMUA, IleTp JIeoHHflOBH^ (poflMJiCH 1894) - coBeTCHHw $h3hk, anafle- 

 mhk(c 1939), FepoM CouMaJiHCTHqecKoro Tpyj];a(1945) . B 1918 okoh^imji IIojiHTex- 

 HMtiecKHM MHCTHTyT B IleTporpafle. IlepBHe padoTH KanwiJiu nocBHmeHH MsyyeHwio 

 MHepuHM 3jieKTpoHOB w HsyyeHMK) CBOMCTB paflHoaHTMBHoro H3JiyqeHHfl. KanHi];a 

 paspadOTaji ycTaHOBHy rjih padoT co CBepxMOHHUMM MarHMTKHMw nojiHMH. Oh 

 HadjiioflaJi pacmenjieHwe cneHTpaJibHHx jimhhh b nojinx flo 320 HHjroraycc, odnapy- 



JKHJl B CMJlbHHX MarHMTHHX -HOJlflX JlHHeWHOe yBBJIM^eHHe aJIBHTpHMeCKOrO conpoTH- 

 BJieHMH MBTajIJIOB B SaBWCWMOCTM OT HOJIH M HSy^iaJI MarHHTOGTpMKUMIO flMaMarHHTHHX 

 TeJI B 3THX nOJIflX. 



