ii8 



THIRD ANNUAL REPORT 



wondered at it myself. It reads: "There may be lots of solid 

 honey in the hive, but the brood may be starved or chilled, 

 and these conditions may produce or cause the foul brood, 

 or under these conditions pickled brood." 



Mr. France — I remember saying that the conditions that 

 would be produced by a larva in tliat condition would be a 

 proper medium, and would advance the growth probably of 

 foul brood. 



Pres. York — That's it. It would develop there, but of 

 course not unless the germs are there first. 



Dr. Miller — I think Mr. France has very distinctly said 

 that foul brood would not be started in any case without 

 the germs. 



Mr. Moore — Will Mr. France tell the convention how 

 foul brood does start, how near to the source, or what is 

 the source, if he has found it, or the original foul brood or 

 any case of foul brood? 



Mr. France — I have got after that as close as I can. 

 I have gone back and read, two weeks ago, a German book on 

 foul brood that is 123 years old. I confess I don't know 

 what would originate foul brood. I can find where it was 

 first imported to America, and from Canada to the United 

 States, and from Italy to the United States, but what will 

 originate a case of it I don't know. 



A Member — It is like the smallpox. We know we have 

 it, but we don't know where it originates. 



Mr. France — Yes, you might say it is like smallpox. We 

 know where probable conditions produce it. There is some 

 in Canada where we can't account for it. One year an apiary 

 was overflowed by the St. Lawrence River, and that drowned 

 the brood ; at least it appeared there, and it had never been 

 in that place before. 



Mr. Abbott — Might they not just as well ask you the 

 question if you knew where any of the microscopic germs 

 came from in the universe? 



Dr. Miller — What good would it do if you did know? 



Mr. France — In most of the cases, through his manage- 

 ment, the bee-keeper has gotten it into his yard. 



MOVING BEES IN HIVES WITH LOOSE FRAMES. 



"What is the best method of preparing loose frames for 

 moving?" 



Mr. Abbott — Fasten them. 



Pres. York — By what method? 



Mr. Abbott — The easiest method for me is to take a ham- 

 mer and some nails. I have moved many and shipped them 

 half way across the continent. 



Pres. York — That is the Missouri method. 



Mr. Wilcox — There are a great many methods of fixing 

 them. Let them alone six months before the time and they will 

 fasten themselves by brace-combs, and if moved a short dis- 

 tance they won't require any additional fastening. In other 

 cases I have found it very convenient to use end-bars of the 

 brood-frames, Just as we have the material for making brood- 



