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vj. iC ■..■■■ .'VJi-X. 



April 6, 1905. 



TheWisekly Florists' Review. 



JJ37 



"GREEN GOODS 



You will need a great many ^'gfreens'' for the 

 Spring: opening; decorations. Plenty Asparagfus, long;, 

 heavy string^s. Smiiaz is g:etting: scarce in this market 

 but we can supply any quantity on shortest notice* 



ORDER AT HEADQUARTERS. 



» 



WB ABB NOW 



U^No EASTER ORDERS 



E. C. SMLING, 



Ths &artf«atj Best B^nippad and Most Oantrally located 

 WholMal* Out Flower Kousa In Obloayo. 



32-34-36 Randolph St., Chi^AnA III 



Loii9 0tet..Kel.l.phw«.{|9jfj:-J[9jf <>■»'••• ^IH^CigUj III* 



IBZOAV BBAVTT, Per doi. 



80-86-inota Item t4.00 



24-incli Item 8.00 



ao-incli Item 2.00 



U-lnota Item 1.60 



la-inob Item 1.00 



Short Item, per 100. $5.00 to $6.00 



Per 100 



Bridei $8.00 to $6.00 



Brldennaidi S.OOto 6.00 



Liberty 4.00to 12.00 



GoIdenGate SOOto 8.00 



Ohatenay 4.00to 10.00 



Oamattoni l.COto 2.00 



large and fancy.... 8.00 



Violet! 60to .76 



Valley 200to 8.00 



OaUas per dOE.. $1.2S 8.00 



Tullpi 2.00to 4.00 



Daflodlli 8.00 



Freealai 8.00 



ForKet-me-not 1.60 



Eaater Liliei doi., $1.60 



Sweet Peai 76to 1.00 



Hlgnonettei .36to .76 



Aiparaffui, per itrlng, 26c to 50c 



Aaparagna SprenReri 2.00 to 6.00 



Femi per 1000, $8.00 .80 



Galax per 1000, $1.26 .16 



LeuoothoB .76 



Adlantnm 1.00 



Smllax per dos., $2.00 15.00 



Aik for ipecial quotation! on lOOO Iota 

 Roaes and OamatloDa. 



BnUMt (0 eknc« witfeomt lottee. 



Mention Thp ReTlew when you write. 



mate, is the difference in the tightness 

 of different greenhouses. It is conse- 

 quently impossible to give specific direc- 

 tions which will be suitable under all 

 circumstances. 



"In most greenhouses, probably 0.007 

 gram of potassium cyanide for each cubic 

 foot of space for an exposure not ex- 

 ceeding three hours represents the 

 amount which will prove most effective 

 for treatment of the insects without in- 

 jury to tomato or cucumber plants. In 

 many cases 0.01 gram per cubic foot has 

 been found suitable for the same ex- 

 posure, but this should not be used ex- 

 cept in loose greenhouses where, after 

 trial, a smaller amount _ is found inef- 

 fective. In all greenhouses when an at- 

 tempt is to be made to control the white 

 fly with hydrocyanic-acid gas, it is ad- 

 visable to first use not more than 0.005 

 gram per cubic foot of space for a three 

 hours' exposure. If this amount is suffi- 

 cient for the house, none of the adults 

 will recover after the fumigation, though 

 in the course of two or three days many 

 more will emerge from the pupa cases. 

 The larvfie, when destroyed, as they 

 should be by the fumigation, change in 

 ^ two or three days from their normal 

 glistening, greenish color to a yellowish 

 or brownish color. When this result is 

 not obtained by the first test, one or 

 more further tests should be made, in- 

 creasing the amount of potassium cyanide 

 0.001 gram per cubic foot of space for 

 each test, with three days intervening 

 to note results, until an amount is 

 reached which is sufficient to destroy the 

 larvae, or until the tender leaves of the 

 plant show injuries as a result of the 

 fumigation. 



"Tests, thus far, with other green- 

 house plants likely to be attacked by the 

 white fly, according to available records, 

 have all been for a much shorter ex- 

 posure than three hours and with a much 

 larger amount of potassium cyanide, but 

 it is probable that in case plants other 

 than the cucumber and tomato require 

 treatment for this insect, preliminary 

 tests in a' fumigating box or in a small 

 greenhouse will show that the amount of 

 chemicals and the length of exposure 



recommended for these two can be used 

 without the slightest danger to other 

 plants. In most cases much larger rates 

 of potassium cyanide per cubic foot can 

 be used. 



"Fumigation of plants with hydro- 

 cyanic-acid gas should be at night and 

 the foliage of the plants should be dry. 

 The greenhouse should be made as tight 

 as possible, all entrances but one closed 

 and locked, and arrangements made to 

 open .a few ventilators from the outside 

 at the expiration of the period of ex- 

 posure. A house when fumigated should 

 not be unnaturally tight as a result of 

 rain or snow, otherwise the greater 

 amount of gas confined in it under these 

 conditions may injure the plants. The 

 materials used f on the generation of the 

 gas are ninety-eight per cent potassium 

 cyanide, commercial sulphuric acid, and 

 water, the proportions generally used be- 

 ing one-half more acid (liquid measure) 

 than potassium cyanide, and one-half 

 more water than acid. Having deter- 

 mined the cubic contents of the house 

 and the total amount of potassium cy- 

 anide, sulphuric acid, and water to be 

 used, these should be divided into parts 

 representing each twenty-five feet of 

 length of the greenhouse. Small re- 

 ceptacles must be used. They should be 

 either of earthenware or glass. In many 

 cases, ordinary glass tumblers will be 

 suitable, though the diluted acid should 

 never more than one-fourth fill the re- 

 ceptacle. Each lot of the potassium cy- 

 anide should be pulverized or broken up 

 into small pieces, wrapped in thin paper, 

 and laid beside one of the receptacles, 

 these being placed at intervals of about 

 twenty-five feet on the floor of the house. 

 In each receptacle first pour the proper 

 amount of water and then the acid. Be- 

 ginning with the end of the house farth- 

 est from the exit, drop into each recep- 

 tacle, in succession, the package of po- 

 tassium cyanide, proceeding as quickly 

 as possible toward the exit. During the 

 few seconds the operator is in the house 

 after the generation of the gas is started, 

 the breath should be held to prevent even 

 the least bad effects. Close and lock the 

 door of the house and, after three 



hours, partially ventilate it by opening 

 the ventilators, previously arranged for 

 opening from the outside. One ventilator 

 for every twenty-five or thirty feet, 

 opened for ten or fifteen minutes, is suf- 

 ficient to protect the plants from possible 

 bad effects of over-exposure to the gas. 

 Before inhaling air in the house, how- 

 ever, the ventilation should be more thor- 

 ough, so that no odor of the gas, which 

 is much like that of peach pits, can be 

 detected. 



"A single fumigation will destroy 

 practically all of the insects except the 

 eggs and some of those in the late pupal 

 stage. Although one such treatment 

 might check the insects so that they 

 would not cause noticeable damage for 

 weeks, two subsequent fumigations two 

 and four weeks, respectively, after the 

 first will subject to the gas all of the 

 white flies in the house in stages wherein, 

 under ordinary circumstances, they are 

 unable to withstand its destructive ef- 

 fects. 



Other Remedies. 



' ' Fumigation with tobacco, by burning 

 the refuse stems and leaves, has no ef- 

 fect on the greenhouse white fly beyond 

 temporarily stupefying the adults. The 

 adults may be destroyed, however, by 

 vaporizing in the infested house certain 

 tobacco extracts which are sold in liquid 

 form. To accomplish this result prelim- 

 inary tests should be made, first using 

 the amount recommended in the direc- 

 tions accompanying the preparation. The 

 attempt to control the greenhouse white 

 fly by means of tobaccd extracts alone 

 has never, to the writer's knowledge, 

 proven successful, while many cases of 

 failure have been reported. The frequent 

 fumigation necessary to control the in- 

 sect when once it has become abundant 

 would be impractical and costly. How» 

 ever, in connection with syringing 

 the plants with a soap solution such a 

 treatment may sometimes be of value, al- 

 though only when the use of hydrocyanic- 

 acid gas is impossible or for some reason 

 undesirable. 



"Among the sprays, the best brands 

 of whale-oil soap, used in the proper- 



