U36 



The Weekly Florists^ Review* 



Ai'Kii, 0. I'JOS. 



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The Greenhouse White Fly. 



a. f^g: h, vountr larva; i-. piipi, top view; d, pupa side view; i>. adult— c. il, e, about 2."i tiniee ii;itui-al 



size; a. I), Htill in jrc eularped. 



THE GREENHOUSE WHITE FLY. 



I'lir |l|\lsi.i|l of l-Jltdllldllli^V cif llir 



I . S. 1 i.-|Mitiniiit I't' Ai:i-ii-nltiirr li;is is 

 Mii'cl ;i luillitili nil the white lly. l'l-iilll 

 wllicll \\r |i'|il(Hluri lllr ;lci-l Mil | i:UI V i II J^' 



I llii-l i;il lull ;iii'l tin I'l^iliiw in;: iniiltrr: 



'''I'lic il;iMi;i^^' \i\ llic ^rfc'iilMUiM' wliitr 

 ll\ In tiiiiiiitii. (•iiciiiiiliiT :iiiil lii;iiiv idliiT 

 ]il;i!its ;;r(i\\iiii: iiimIiT ^I:iss c^-isilv |il;ic('S 

 it ill till' I'liiiii r;iiik (if ^ii ^'iiliiMisi' |ies1s. 

 ]n 111,'i'iv cjisis it wiMilii 1m' iiii|iiissil)le to 



oI'liU r. rlllill I'ldpS ill t'olTlliy llollSfS 



witlioiii I hr ;iii| of rc;iiiHli;i I iiiriisiiri"^. A 

 s|iCTitir ii!>t:iiic(' is on i-ri-or.l whrio. in 

 .•I wi'^ti'in .M;iss;ic|iiisil Is town, tlic ;it- 

 t;ii-ks of iliis insi"-i icsnltcd in tlic total 

 loss of n ;:ri ciilionsi' iToii ot' loiiiatofs 

 ami i-niiuiil"'!-. viiliio.l at .'r4,(iiiii. 



'■iMiriiiL: llio past fi'w years many a[p 

 )ioaU fi r n iiiiiiics lia\i- liocii iikhIi' to 

 tlic (ililois o|' our lioi't iciiltiir;il j(iiiiai;ils, 

 to ni;iiiy slate eN|iiTinieiii stati(ms. ami 



to till' I'liite.i Stales I )e|iarllllellt of Al- 

 lien 1 1 II le ; y.t. altlioii^li il i^ not. In ie;il- 

 it^■. a ilillieiilt iiiseei to roiilrol. tin' reme- 

 dial method- whirh -honhl lie folloui.l 



are t'a r frmii lieino oriirralK hiiowii 

 ;nnoim the many ^reeii|ioii-c men who 

 siitl'ei- from it- (lepreilat ions. 



"The insert is mdalile for it- \ery 



^el|ir:il feedill;: li:iliits. ||;l\ilio ;ilrraily 

 lie< II ri-eo|i|ei| as lifeeilin^ oil o\er sixtV 



dilfereiit kind- (d' plants. ( )f these the 

 following: :iri ot' the most e-oiiomh- jm 

 porl:iiMi-: .\-l(r. idirv sa nt hemuai, -aK ia. 

 laiitan;i. t'ii'-e|ii;i. r(deii-, a::eratiim. prim 



Ilia, o,.|;| iiilllii. hcdiot lopr, rose. eo^ 

 pl;illt. Iii^all. Illelolj. jottllre. ellilllldi r ;iiid 



tomato. The two la-i siitVer tlie iintst 

 seiioii- iii|iii\ lioin thi^ insect. |ii'riia|is 

 mole tli:iii tie- other ureeiihon-.- pkaiit- 



toyethel, :ilt!|o||o|| II,, I ill t'le(|llent ly there 

 are report, d -eliolls lo--e- ill ^^rei'llholISi s 

 devoted to I mole of tl tiler 



plant- I I ■ 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 d . 



Description. 



'"The iii;iliiri \\hito llii- ot' liotli si-xes 



:i re t'onr willLI'd in-eet- -e;i|re!y mole 



l|];in t liiei' lift i, t II- ipf ;in im-ii in leiio|h. 

 The ;idlllt whit.' tlie>. :|- well as the sc;ile 



like lar\;e. are provided with siiekinu 

 immtli parts. In a short time alter the 



ellleroellee o t' tile ;idlllt from the pllp:l 

 casi'. the lio.ly. lee-. ;i|id wipe- liei'olile 

 eo\ei(d \\\\]\ a white waxy Sllli-tariee 

 \\lli-ll e|\e- this. ;is Well as idher -peeies 

 (d' the eeiiiiv, a elia r;ieteri-t ie tloiiiy ap 



pea ranee. The adults food nearly 

 eoiii iniionsly diiriiij; tlioir existence. 

 The iiumlier of f^gs deposited |ier 

 day liy an adtilt t'cnialo white ily in 

 ;i lalioiatory has been found 1o aveiaee 

 \cry nearly i'oiir. I'roliaMy in the wiinn 

 er ti'inperattire of a oi'eeidioiise this iiiiin- 

 lier is y^i'eater l.iy one or two eej;s pi^r 

 dav. Till' eg<js li,'it('h in I'roin ten to 

 twelve days'. The majority of the adults 

 arc fiMiiid upon the ii]iper and newer 

 leaver of the t'ood |dan!. Tiny are 

 almost invarialily foiiii<l upon the under 

 si<le ot' the leaves, :nid it is here that 

 nearly all the eeos are deposited, al- 

 Ihopeh many are fouml ti|ion the tender 

 stems .and li'iit petiides and tl M'ly t'ew 

 seatteriiie' Idles oil tin' iiti|ier surfaces 



of the leaves. 



Appearance of Infested Plants. 



■Mill thoroiielijy infested plants we liiid 

 (di the uppermost lea\'es only adults and 

 t'reshly l;iid eeos ; ;i little lower on tlii' 

 jd.ants We liiid eees in the process ot' 

 hatc-hine; and. finallv, on the lowcrnio-t 

 parts oi' the plants we liml iliscohn eil. 

 slirixeled leaves with many piipii' ;nid 

 etiieroipe adults :iiid few. if ;iiiy, nn 

 hatched i'iiii^ oi- \iiniie larvu'. The larvie 



and plljiil' sei-rete little ehdillles id' lloliey- 



dew, -o iiaiiicHl after the material of Ji 

 like nature secr<de(| liy jilant lire. ( hv- 

 ilie to the inte|-fel-elli-e with the l'espir;i- 



fory processes of the leaf, both by the 

 bodies of the iiiseets themselves and by 

 the fuiifius growths due to them, badly 

 infested i>l!iiits have a tendency to wilt 

 when exposed to the sun's rays. In seri- 

 ously iiii'esteil eri'eeiihouses the leaves of 

 the ]daiits eradiially die, the lower leaves 

 tirst. 



Preventives. 



"The introiluction of Hie insect into 

 ludi-iiifested floral establishments may be 

 prevented by avoiding the introduction 

 of infested ]diints unless tirst subjcet- 

 ine- Ihein to il fumigation in a tight 

 fumigating box, liased on the directions 

 hi're.afttr given for entire greenhouses. 

 \'iget:ilde Innises, whicdi are not used 

 during the summer months, allow of a 

 practiee Avhiidi not only greatly reduces 

 the (-hances of the white tly appeiiring 

 ill the house during the growing season, 

 luit may result in the liotise being suc- 

 cessfully kept free from thri()s .-iiid other 

 insect pests iluriiig the whole or il con- 

 siderable part of the season. The prac- 

 tice referred to consists in removing from 

 the house all \egetation, even the small- 

 est weeds, and fumigating the tightly 

 (dosed greiMihoiise with hydrocviuiic-acid 

 gas at the rate of live or more ounces per 

 thousand cubie feet of s]i!ice for a ten 

 hours' ex]iosnre. 



Fumigation with Hydrocyanic-acid Gas. 



'•This has lieeii fiu/iid to b(> the most 

 siic-cessfiil meiiiis of (/iitrolling the white 

 tl\ ill greeiihonsi s. Its siu'cess in this 

 cas(> is due to the siiscejit iliility of the 

 a<liilts iiml hirvie id' these insects to il 

 coinparat i\ely long exposui'e to a snuill 

 amount of the g;is. Kxperiinents thus 

 tar liiivc lieen with tomato iiiid cueiiin- 

 ber plants, but as these jilants iire among 

 those most liable to injury from im]ddpcr 

 fumigiitioii Avith hydroeyanii-iudd gas, a 

 nide range fif iisefulii(>ss is indiciited by 

 the success thus far olitained. 



" Kx|ieriineiits lunc shown thiif the 

 white tly is destroyed in illl exeipt two 

 stages (egg !ind liite pupal) by an 

 amount of ]iotiissiuin cyanide whieh is 

 extridiiely small sis coinpiired with the 

 amidiiits generally recomiiH'nded for other 

 insect pests. .\s small an aimnint iis 

 between one (ifili and one-sixth ounee 

 per 1.(111(1 cnbie feet, fid' three hours' ex- 

 posure, h.as been used with sueeess, but 

 the greatest dillieiilty atteinling the use 

 of hydrocyiiiiic-iicid j;as, in greenhouses 

 i-oiit;iining plants :is susceptible to in- 

 jiiry by it ;is are the encumber iind to- 



CERAMIQUES DE FLANDRES. 



I'liring the liiislei- si'ason the tiiide 

 should Iind an except ioii:illy i-emiy sale 

 lor the truly artistic hand made art pot- 

 tery called ' ' ('eranii(|Ues de I'liindres " ' 

 whiili is priidueed in Helgium by the 

 .V^sociat ion ot' I'leinish Craftsineii and is 

 idVereij in this countiy by the assoda- 

 t ion 's .\inerieaii re|iresentat ive. Ivlvvin 

 .\. heiiham, iit 4:in I'ifth avenue. New 

 ^'ld■k. \o liiohN are employeil in the 



production of this w;ire, the designs be- 

 ing applied by the inlaying or super- 

 imjiosit ion of variously colored clays, the 

 background being co'iijiosed of ;i niim- 

 lier of harmoniously blending sluides of 

 Some one color — green is the favorite. 

 Some of the best ]di'ces, however, bear 

 no designs whatever, relying entirely on 

 their gracefulness and originality of 

 form ami beauty of coloring. This wiire 

 is \ery inex|ieiisive. 



