230 



The Weekly Florists^ Review^ 



Di:ci:.\uii:u 14, I'JO.j. 



that ;iri' -li;i|ir!y ;iihl liki'lv l^ lii;ikc <4iiih| 

 '•roun^. 'riii'v.' ciitiiiiyv .-nr -laitrd in 

 -.•iihl ;iihl iriii:iiii tliiT'' iiiiiil litli'il III 



Im- |il:iiitp.| ill the ;^l ('cililiill^r lii-i|s, W liiTC 

 ilirv ;ir.' I.I llnwcr. Al'ln iIh- |iI;iiiI-^ ;iH' 

 lifiH-lii'l ihi' :;|■l■;lIc•^I (■:iiiliiiii iiiiist In' 

 ii^Oi'i ill w ;it 111 iil;. fill it' .-I I ;iii\ liiiic in 

 ihe si.'uiiiiL; III' !ht--i' yiiiiii:: pl.-iiils lliry 

 i^i'l nil llii' i\ry siilr ii will :^i\i' ilicin a 

 ilieck ilial Miiv will imi iii-ii\rr rnnii in 

 tlio wlhiii' ■-ia'~Hii. A^ till' |ilaiil> i^rnw, 

 all iiiMih-i- ami >ii|f rruwn^ .-u'l' rut t'ni)n 

 tlic iiiaiii |ilaiil. 



■ ' 'I'lii'l I' air liialiN ili'-r;isr> .•unl iiis(N-ts 

 that iiiii-i lir tmi^lit <-niislaiitly diiriiiy- 

 the l;i<i\\ I Hl: srasmi. t'ui- it' mir nt' these 

 pe>l-- i\rr ^rls Ihe li|i|)er haihl el' a 

 ii;rOA\rl. I III' llnweis will reltailllv llel lie 

 of ;^eiM| ijlialitW < leailliliess ami mll- 



staiU atleiii inn, with |ileiity nf hanl 



Wiilk. air l|rrrss;iiy In hlill^ I'ertll M 



>iail ill al'resh. I wonder it' lie always 

 I'irks all Ihe s|Mit alVerted loaves aud 

 Ininis in llie liniler at once.' And per- 

 Inqis his I'raiiies are in a damp, close 

 pl.e-e. v^hirli t';i\.ir s|ioI. ISuild the new 

 niirs hieh ami air\. aii<l on wtdl ilrainod 

 Lireiiml.' ' K. E. S. 



SHIPPING VIOLETS. 



There is a rnnstaiitly wideiiiiijr outlet 

 I'or ihc \ iolets of the IIihIsuii river dis- 

 tiirt. ()iily a few years ago all the 

 KMiiiielierk and I'lUiyiikeepsio output was 

 sold ill .W'w York City. Now these 

 tiewers are slii]>ped daily to commission 

 iMui-es as far west as St. I>ouis. Of course 

 they lose iheir frayranee. but the original 

 i|ualily of llie stnrk is so much better 

 than till' (piality <>f Ihe double violets 

 usually prediired in the west tliat the 

 New ^■(l|■k product has practically put 



J. Vender Linden. 



season's crop of \ inlets uf ihe ijuality 

 to command a icady sale. 



"Hroat care is taken by tlu' inajtuaty 

 nf growers in iauiciiing, leafing and ]»ack- 

 ingj still tliere is iniich c(iin]daiiit at the 

 poor conditinn in which shipments reach 

 their destination. Deterinrat inn in transit 

 is of cmirsi' ine\italile. but the grow- 

 ers are unaniinnus in sayine that greatr'r 

 care sliould be taken by the employees ni 

 the trau'ipnitMtinii cmiipanies. " ' 



SPOT ON VIOLETS. 



We )ia\e had i(Uite -A Int nt' tlnuble 

 v\ith till' ^|int nil nlir \ inlets I'nr tile last 



Near. 1 ha\e tridl e\ ery way to gi'ow 

 tlieiii. but with little success. I )on 't yoii 

 think it wniild br' a good idea to remo\e 

 the frames to a different location, say 

 L'liu or ;;oo vards from where I have 

 them? ■ G. F. 



If I weie this subscriber, T would not 

 even take the trouble to remove the 

 frames, but utilize them for other plants, 

 and buil<l some new ones fnr violets, at 

 the tnnst distant jinint availalde, and 



western \ inlet growers out of business. 

 (!rau(i L'ajiids. once the center of the 

 western vi(det industry, is growing the 

 fragrant flower in only small quantities 

 this year. 



Florists in the smaller towns have not 

 yet fully awakened to the use they can 

 make of the Hudson river stock. Only 

 small shipping business has been done in 

 violets, but a great many arc finding out 

 that they can ju-ocure the flowers in 

 good siiupe from the commission man 

 who supplies their roses and carnations 

 and are using more of them right along. 

 .\s other retailers find out how well they 

 travel, the shipidiig of violets from Buf- 

 falo. Clevehunl. Chicago, St. Louis an«t 

 other Avholesalo centers will increase and 

 the outlet for the Khinebeck growers will 

 be still further widened. 



Charlotte, X. C. — T. W. Long has 

 S(dil his greenhouses and l»u.siness to W. 

 W. Scholtz. 



Taxx. ■\f.\ss.-~.liilia A. Hickford has 

 gi\en up her business because of sick- 

 ness and death in tin' famih'. 



SCIENTIFIC CEMENT. 



since cement has become so common an 

 article in one feature or another of 

 greenhouse construction, the following 

 from the Railway Ago, if somewhat 

 technical, %vill be of interest: 



While from any casual view concrete 

 appears as one of the simplest materials 

 of construction, and its ultimate sources 

 comprise, in aclditiou to water, but four 

 distinct factors — lime and clay (for the 

 cement), sand and stone — nevertheless 

 their combination and successful practi- 

 cal application 2>i'eseut uncertainties. In 

 the proper mixing of cement, with gravel 

 or with sand and broken stone, for the 

 manufacture of concrete, the persistence 

 of unscientific methods, after a series of 

 investigations unparalleled for magnitude 

 during any equal period in the history of 

 engineering, must remain something of a 

 mystery. 



In order to reach a true conception of 

 the object to be attained in the making 

 of concrete, it is necessary first to agree 

 upon its factors, and these are: (a) The 

 greatest reasonable strength; (b) the 

 least cost of materials for a given vol- 

 ume: (c) an accurate basis upon which 

 to combine the elements for securing (a) 

 and (b). To these we should add the 

 slesirability of embodying in (c) a cor- 

 rect measure of the volume, and here is 

 found the first difficulty, because, hither- 

 to, specifications have dealt only with 

 proi)ortions or percentages and not with 

 fixed dimensions: "Cement. 1; sand. 

 SYj; broken stone, 6," whether in pails, 

 wheelbarrows or barrels — a phrase giving 

 absolutely no suggestion of what volume 

 is to be expected. In a general way we 

 know that, by and large, a barrel of ce- 

 ment will bo used to a cubic yard of 

 concrete in place, but this is true in many 

 instances and utterly false in others. 



Theoretically, the voids in the broken 

 stone should be filled exactly by the sand, 

 ami the voids in the sand should be 

 filled, exactly by the cement, in order that 

 a compact and economic ■whole shall rc- 

 sidt ; at the same time, the addition of 

 the sand and cement should not add ap- 

 preciably to the original volume of the 

 stone. ]-5nt practically, a perfect coat- 

 ing of cement must surround each separ- 

 ate jiarticle of sand and stone and, to 

 sei ure this, more than the quantity of 

 lenient predicted by the voids must be 

 used. In effect cement usually is wasted 

 inexcusably with the idea that the richer 

 the mixture the stronger the concrete, 

 wiiereas it needs but a moment's thought 

 to jirovo that, with all voids filled, all 

 surfaces ]ierfectly coated and brought 

 into contact by thorough ramming, no 

 iiK-reased strengtii will follow any addi- 

 tion of cement, be it little or great. In 

 uantity of water used, also, engi- 



tl 



neers exhibit a range of practice which 

 is anything but creditable. From a mere 

 dash which is absorbed so quickly that 

 the mixture must be rushed into place in 

 order that any efTective "setting" shall 

 result, it may become a drenching which 

 reduces the concrete to a fluid and, even 

 if no other injury follows, leaves it 

 honeycombed with microscopic voids. For- 

 tunately, Portland cement cannot be 

 drowned so easily as its "natural" 

 brother or we sliould be in a bad wav 

 indeed. 



DKCATCn. Ili..— :v[iss :\Iaude Miller 

 has taken over the Swan Peterson flower 

 store here and will run it, handling stock 

 finin Mr. Peterson's greenhouses at Gib- 

 -nii ( itv. 



