JANCAHY 25, 1906. 



The Weekly Florists^ Review* 



635 



When the difference in head is six feet, 

 the flow by gravity is from one to one 

 and one-half feet per second, while that 

 of the forced circulation is from seven- 

 teen to twenty feet per second. The only 

 means by which it is possible to main- 

 tain the temperature of the water at a 

 height necessary to obtain its most effi- 

 cient heat is to assist gravity by use of 

 a pump. 



By use of a pump the circulation can 

 be returned to the boiler to be reheated 

 at a loss of but ten degrees in mild 

 weather and of not more than twenty 

 degrees in the severest weather. The 

 pump used for the circulation is an ex- 

 tremely simple piece of apparatus, being 

 but a fan enclosed in an iron casing. 

 This fan revolves and propels the return- 

 ing water through the boiler and thence 

 through the system. The two bearings 

 of this pump run in a reservoir of oil, as 

 does the shaft of the motor which oper- 

 ates the pump, thus doing away with the 

 constant attention of a person to keep the 

 pump in running condition. 



The alternating current motor is still 

 a more simple machine than the direct 

 current motor, there being no commuta- 

 tor. A steam, gas or gasoline engine, 

 belt, water motor or any form of power 

 can be used to advantage where it is 

 available, but the electric motor is so 

 universally used, and systems of electric 

 power are available almost every place 

 where heat is needed, that we can cite 

 the electric motor as the most simple 

 and most economical form of power for 

 forced circulation of hot water. 



Unlike any other system of heating, 

 the coils may be of any length, and can 

 be placed in any position or location in 

 respect to the boiler and pump. , A uni- 

 form and constant temperature can be 

 maintained in all coils and radiators, no 

 matter where they are located or how 

 long they may be. 



The power necessary to force the water 

 through the coils is only the amount 

 necessary to overcome the friction of the 

 water in the pipes; and this power is 

 consumed, no matter in what way the 

 water is circulated. If it is circulated 

 by gravity, the power is lost in the form 

 of heat and goes out the chimney; if it 

 is circulated by a steam engine, electric 

 motor, gas engine, or any other form of 

 power, it is nevertheless a loss. 



The regulation of coils and radiators 

 is independent of the boiler and can be 

 regulated to the desired temperature by 

 cutting down the supply of water through 

 the coils by closing the supply valve, or 

 by an automatic regulator which controls 

 the supply by a thermostatic action. 



The distance mains can be run is al- 

 most unlimited, there being cities with 

 from twelve to fifteen miles of mains 

 and millions of square feet of radiating 

 surface. The boiler is of any type 

 selected by the purchaser: Water tube, 

 tubular, or a cast-iron sectional boiler, 

 and steam boilers are often substituted. 

 In contrasting the forced circulation 

 of hot water with the steam systems in 

 general use, the economies can readily 

 be seen. In the first place, a steam sys- 

 tem is designed to warm the building to 

 the desired temperature in zero weather 

 and this same temperature must be raised 

 in the boiler, whether the temperature of 

 the building is to be raised to 5 or 80 

 degrees; therefore the heat not needed 

 must be a loss. In the forced circulation 

 of hot water we warm the water to the 

 temperature necessarj- to heat the build- 

 ing to the desired temperature only, 

 without a loss. 



Carnation Helen Goddard. 



The moisture which is natural in the 

 air, and which should not be destroyed, 

 is not overheated and burned out of the 

 air by hot water, as in the extremely 

 high temperature to which the air is 

 heated when steam of fifteen or twenty 

 pounds pressure is used. 



There is no need of bleeding the sys- 

 tem of air, as is common to the steam ! 

 system after it has become cold, as one 

 automatic air trap, which is placed at 

 the highest point on the system, takes 

 care of all air which is carried to it by ; 

 the flow of the water. 



All coils are placed level and at any 

 place convenient to the owner of the 

 greenhouse. The short coils which are | 

 necessary by the use of steam, require ! 

 the use of numerous valves and fittings, j 

 which are needless in the forced circula- : 

 tion of hot water. j 



One feature of the forced circulation 

 of hot water cannot but impress itself 

 upon everyone who will think a moment 

 of how it can be centralized in order to 

 obtain economies. As the writer has 

 already said, the water can be forced for 

 miles in mains which are properly covered , 

 Avith a loss of but a few degrees of heat\ | 



The forced circulation of hot water j 

 has many features which make it possi- | 

 ble to heat places in which gravity sya- ; 

 tems are impossible. The mains, coils, i 

 and radiators can be placed and operated 

 at any distance below the level of the 

 boiler and any height above it. The ne- 

 cessity of cleaning boilers of scale and 

 incrustation is practically eliminated by 

 this system as the precipitation is almost 

 nil. 



The Review will send Saltford's Vio- 

 let Book on receipt of 25 cents. 



SIZE OF SMOKESTACK. 



I have a smokestack which is 9x18 

 inches, twenty-five feet tall. Will it be 

 sufficient to carry a tubular boiler 30 

 inches by 10 feet long with twenty- two 

 311. -inch flues? If not large enough, 

 give size of one suited for such a boiler. 

 H. D. F. 



I judge the smokestack you have is 

 ample for the boiler in question. Such a 

 boiler should have about seven square feet 

 of grate surface and it is estimated that 

 tiio size of the flue should be one-ninth 

 the area of the grate to give good satis- 

 faction. The boilers should have a chim- 

 ney with about 14-t square inches of 

 area. The chimney you have has 162 

 s(iuarc inclies of area. L. C. C. 



PRICE OF LUMBER. 



Tlie price of lumber of nearly all 

 kinds is high this season; nearly all 

 yrades have advanced during the past 

 month. Pecky cypress, which is now the 

 ])()pular material for greenhouse benches, 

 lias recently had an advance of from 

 ^(il.nO to $2 per thousand feet and there 

 is a prospect that a shortage will develop 

 before all wants are supplied. The Adam 

 Schillo Lumber Co., Chicago, which sup- 

 plies most of the growers around Chica- 

 go, advises that orders for pecky cypress 

 bo booked without delay. 



I I.IKE the Review very much, espe- 

 cially for its cultural notes. — John Dun- 

 STON, Niles, O. 



Cornwall, N. Y.— H. E. Jacob, Jr., 

 has gone out of the greenhouse business, 

 confining his interests to hardware and 

 house furnishings. 



