June 4, 1908. 



ThcWcckly Florists' Review. 



Rose Arbor at the Establishment of Joseph Heacock G>^ Wyncote, Pa. 



(Mr. Heacock in the foreground.) 



of characteristic Wichuraiana hybrids, 

 either self or cross fertilized. They are 

 seldom of any value from a rosarian's 

 standpoint. 



The Most Promising of AIL 



B. rugosa is plainly the most hopeful 

 species for breeding high class garden 

 varieties. The hardiness, vigor and hand- 

 some foliage of the species and its im- 

 mediate varieties, together with the great 

 size and fragrance of the flowers and the 

 long blooming season, at once place it 

 beyond comparison. The work of ameli- 

 oration has been found to be slow and 

 diflBcult, though steady progress is made. 

 More than one hundred hybrids and va- 

 rieties have been introduced to general 

 cultivation and scores of good ones are 

 still in the hands of originators. Con- 

 trary to experience with Wichuraiana, the 

 best results are gained in dilute rugosa 

 crosses. It is necessary to remove two 

 or more generations from the wild types 

 to gain texture of petal and purity of 

 coloring. This has been done in such 

 superior varieties as Conrad Ferdinand 

 Meyer, the result of a double cross rep- 

 resented by Gloire de Dijon x Due de 

 Rohan (hybrid perpetual) x rugosa Ger- 

 manica, the last a hybrid between rugosa 

 and a Provence rose. The blooms are 

 perfect from the fancier's viewpoint and 

 are most freely produced throughout 

 summer, but the rugosa foliage has van- 

 ished. The writer has produced, by pol- 

 linating a selected double flowering hy- 

 brid rugosa with Victor Hugo, a plant of 

 extreme rugosa character, with large, 

 densely double blooms, scariet-crimson in 

 color, but of such fire and brilliancy that 

 they even surpass those of its glowing 

 pollen-parent. Other crosses of white 

 rugosa on Qothilde Soupert, a tea-poly- 

 antha variety, resulted in the splendid 

 continuous-blooming varieties, New Cen- 

 tury, white, with blush center, and Sir 

 Thomas Lipton, pure white, that are well 

 worth growing in the most exclusive gar- 

 dens. The possibilities of R. rugosa are 



slowly yielded, but will be of overwhelm- 

 ing value to future breeders. 



Something should be said of R. spino- 

 sissima and R. lutea in their best garden 

 forms. The Scotch rose and Harrison's 

 Yellow both hybridize well with rugosa 

 and have produced very attractive varie- 

 ties. The writer has not succeeded so 

 well when using Austrian Copper and 

 Persian Yellow. Hopeful species for 

 breeding that should be introduced in 

 this country are R. gigantea, a large 

 flowered climbing species, native of Bur- 

 ma, that has produced a superior variety 

 in Portugal, by crossing with Gloire de 

 Dijon; R. Hugonis, yellow-flowered, and 

 R. Soulieana, with white flowers in 

 corymbs, both native to western China. 



THE FOUNDATION OF SUCCESS. 



[A paper by B. T. Galloway, chief of the 

 Bureau of Plant Industry, U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture, read before the Horticultural So- 

 ciety of New Yorlt, continued from the Review 

 of May 21 and 28.] 



In connection with what has been said 

 of spot, I may call attention to a simple 

 experiment which shows how important 

 it is to keep the plants surrounded by 

 healthful conditions. 



An Experiment With Spot. 



Two bell- jars covering two plants 

 show the manner in which the experi- 

 ment is carried on. We can produce spot 

 at will by spraying the foliage with 



water in which the spores or reproductive 

 bodies have been placed. Now, if we 

 spray the leaves of an ordinary plant 

 out in the open and the plant soon dries 

 off, there is no infection. If, however, 

 we cover the plant with a bell-jar the 

 air within this bell-jar becomes saturated 

 and the leaves are covered with moist- 

 ure. Within from thirty-six to forty- 

 eight hours after such a plant has been 

 sprayed with water containing the fun- 

 gus spores, the minute spots begin to 

 show; in two or three days more the 

 spots are quite prominent; then if the 

 bell-jar is removed a whitish appearance 

 develops, indicating that the fungus has 

 been checked by the drying off of the 

 plant. Within another few days the 

 plant is speckled and spotted with a 

 beautiful case of the disease. 



The foliage is now all trimmed off 

 down to the base of the crown and a 

 new set of leaves are allowed to grow. 

 When these have fully formed, a second 

 inoculation is made in the same way as 

 before. The leaves are again cut off and 

 allowed to grow and a third inoculation 

 is made. The leaves are again cut off, 

 but after this it will not be necessary to 

 make any inoculation or even to cover 

 the plants with the bell-jar, as the 

 spores, always present within the house, 

 will continue the inoculating process and 

 the plant will become infected just as 

 fast as the leaves appear. In ^^ther 

 words, by this continued treatment, the 

 plant has been weakened or it has been 

 made to develop certain conditions which 

 make infection constant. The same thing 

 can be accomplished in a whole house of 

 violet plants by improper treatment 

 either through fumigation methods, wa- 

 tering, or improper ventilation. 



Stem-rot 



The next disease to which attention 

 should be called is one we have called 

 stem-rot. This is the malady which usu- 

 ( Continued on pagre 80) 



