0(THl!i:i; L".). I'lOS. 



The Weekly Florists' Review* 



n 



The Delivery Department of Pennock Bros., Philadelphia. 



(•('iitiinetci's of tlic iiisertii-idc. there were 

 eij;lit oiibic centimeters of i)ure iiicotiiie. 

 Tliis gave one piirt iiicotino to 4S0 jtaits 

 ot' water. In tlie latter experiments, ont 

 of the seven and a inilf centimc^tei-s u^('<\, 

 ahont tlirce wore iiiciitine in eacli linlloii 

 of spray material, or one part nicotine 

 to !,2;"i() parts of water. 



From tlie foregoing it will lie seen that 

 theainonnt of the insecticides nsually ad 

 vised is not suflicient to kill thri])s ex- 

 cojit under the most favorable conditions. 

 Ifowcvoi', in oi'der to determine accnrate- 

 ly Just how much of any of the nicotine 

 jireparations now on the market should 

 lie nsod for the extermination of thrips 

 it is necessary to kiuiw the per cent of 

 nicotine in them. 



All tlie insecticides used in my experi 

 meats for the rejiression of thrips were 

 analyzed by the Department of (hemistry 

 of the Unixeisity of lllin<iis. 'i'lieir re 

 port may l)e of jntei-est to florists. 



The Percentage of Nicotine in Insecticides. 



Iii>r'(li(iilc. 





•/. •/. ■/. ''■ 



Nii(. I'liiiic l.i.|iii'l 'l^. I'l 41-''- ■tl'^'* -«" 



Nicoticiilt' .Jli.Ts 40. (14 4".iia .Nil cliiiiii 



Nikotecii l't;.7.-| L'S.."ii; I'S.lHi -O 



Uiise Leaf Insc.li 



cido -l.'ir' 



r.. 1,11k iiic i.i.piiii 41:.:;;! 411, »; ;!!t.i4 40 

 \i. .\ii i.Hiiiici. . . 3.47 



\1, All Viljinliz- 



iiig Ciiiiiiicpuiiil . . ".0.00 



.N'ico-l'iinic piilKT. total iiicul in.'. 'JIsM '.iraiii- 

 (■iT slipct. 'I'll liak iiic iiapci-, lulal iiiiMiiiic. 

 ■_'s .",1 gfjiiii.s per -^licct. 



XI, All VaiKiiiziiii: ( iiiiiiiiiiiinl anal.vzoil r,.s;;' 

 ■ :iTiipli(ir. 



.1. K. Haywood, in ItiUietiii No. tis. I". 

 ■■> l)i\ision of ('hemistry, repoiled Niku 



lien to c:ilil;iin !.'(>. <M Jief cent llicniine. 

 Iiov, |,i;if llxtiait of tobticcii. ;is an 

 liw.i'd by tile chemists of the Keiiiui'ky 

 i l\|ii'iii!ieiit S'ation. coiitainecl L'.od. l.."il, 

 l.'.H. L'.oT. L'.n per cent nicotine ies|>ec 

 ii\ily in the ililVereiit samples. Tiiis |;it 

 ler insecticide i-aiiiiot be c.ailiil a higii 

 -liiiigth nicilinc insecticide in cump.ari 

 -nil w til till' iilhc-r compoiiiids iniined in 

 the table, e.Xcept the .\ I . .\ll l.iipiid. 

 I'Aen Iliongli it is aihised to use for 

 I'limiyit ion <i.\ times, ;ind loi- spraying 

 ■iglit time- as much .as is adxi.-cd for the 

 ithej- insiM't icides, it is apjiiireiit thai \\i' 

 i-:niiiiii g( t the same .imonnl of |iiiie 

 nicotine in the \a]ior or sjii'ay when it 

 coninjns less ih,-in one sixth as mm'li nico- 

 'iiic. W'lirii the nicotine c, intent is 

 known it i^ po-,sji,|e to lilier.-ile ;is much 

 nicotine Ifom a kiw strength compound 

 by using pinp'irtionately larger ijiinnli 



! ics. 



in s|ii;iyinL; with large ;imonnts oi' low 

 -irength niciitin"' prep.arntions there i-. 



danger of discoloring Mowers and of 

 coating the leaves with a gummy res- 

 inous de[)osit which some of them con- 

 tain. Wu(di preparations .are valuable for 

 use outdoors and for evaiioration in the 

 greenlKHise, especially from jians on the 

 steam jii|ies. 



The point to keep in nund is that the 

 value of these insecticides depends on 

 the amount of nicotine in them and tlitt 

 |»rice should be governed accordingly. 

 .\n insecticide containing two j)er cent 

 incotino at .^1 a gallon is more expensive 

 than a forty per cent preparation at .1*10 

 :i gallon, when we consider it in relation 

 to the cost of the imre or absolute nico- 

 I ine. 



it is essential that the nicotim^ ot' an 

 insecticide be uniform, not only because 

 the Horist is entitled to full value for his 

 tnoney, lint because it is only ])iissible to 

 sectire positive results, witlunit dan<ier, 

 from the use of insecticides of detinite 

 .and iinifonn sti'ength wliicdi the growiM' 

 li.as Ic'coine accnstomeil to using. .\n <'X 

 iimjile may be cited in the injury |iro 



employees, will doubtless explain the 

 cases of injury to ordinary greenhouse 

 jilants. 



Xic(din(> is a jxiwerfnl jioison and all 

 its prep.anitions are poisonous. If not 

 so designated they should be, as well as 

 th(! per cent of nicotiiu' they coidain. If 

 these things were done ami the standard 

 m.aintained the best nicotine prep.arations 

 now on the market for use in greeidiouses 

 agiiinst sucking insects, winild leiive little 

 to be d(>sire(| in this liiii'. 



.\. «'. liKAI.. 



HARDWOOD ASHES. 



I'lease let me know how to use Imrd 

 wood ash"s as ;i palm and fern fertilizer. 

 i\indl\' state how strong .ami liou often 

 to use it to get results. 1,. II. 



The nnist siit isfactory fertilizer for 

 palms and ferns is one th;it is rich in 

 nitrogen and phosphoric acid, and these 

 manures .are Lacking in wood ashes, the 

 latter being ri(di in i)otasli instetid. For 



Automobile Delivery of Pennock Bros., Philadelphia. 



diiced by one of the bt>st known insecti 

 cides useil t'or s[iraying c;irnations in one 

 of the largest establishments near <'hi 

 cago. Tlie analysis ot' this insecticide 

 materi-il re\e;ileci the f.act that it con 

 t.iined from eight to iiiin' per cent mme 

 nicotine than any other sample ot' this 

 |iri'p.u;i' ion that we havf examined. This 

 fact, t.-dxen in connection with tlnit of the 

 rnllier ine.\aci me;isiireinent ot' in^ei'ti- 

 cides i'rei|iii'iit ly prarticecl bv yreriihonvc 



this re.-(scin w I ;islie> is less beinlicial 



til pinnts of this cliaiMct«'r tliiin ^i.ible 

 m;iiiiire, diied blood. -,„,t ,ir bmie dust, 

 though a moderate (|ii;intit*y ot' the ;i>h.s 

 m;iy be mixed in tho potting soil to snine 

 :ii!\aiit:igi'. W. II. T. 



Udwi.ixc (i|{i;i;.v, ( ». The Mercer |'|,,- 

 r;il < II.. whiidi pnridi.ased the b'nde oi-,.,.n 



llol|>cs, liiis now .-iddeil tUo llcw hiMe^i'^ to 

 th.' e'-tiiblishnielit. 



