32 



The Weekly Florists' Review. 



AUGDST 12, 1009. 



You know what hot Weather does to stock. Well, Milwaukee is well favored, 

 as we have no very hot weather here, and in consequence stock of all kinds is still in 

 good shape. Big cut of fancy Carnations, Roses and Giganteums. Try a few shipments 

 and be convinced. 



HOLTON & HUNKEL CO. 



462 Milwaukee Street, MILWAUKEE, WIS. 



The best-equipped Wholesale House In the West 



Mention The Review wheu you write. 



mutations or sports, as gardeners call 

 them, we have a variation of larger de- 

 gree which in general reproduces its char- 

 acters through the seed. A typical illus- 

 tration of such a variation is found in 

 the Dwarf Cupid sweet pea, which was 

 suddenly produced from one of the ordi- 

 nary tall sorts, and which reproduced its 

 character in its progeny. It is the discov- 

 ery of these striking variations or muta- 

 tions which has given rise to the great 

 majority of our new varieties of culti- 

 vated plants. This is particularly true in 

 the cereals, vegetables, and all plants reg- 

 ularly propagated by seeds. Among fruits 

 a large share of our standard varieties 

 ■were found as accidental variations, but 

 here in many cases accidental hybridiza- 

 tion is probably responsible for the varia- 

 tion. 



Hybridization. 



The use of variations produced by hy- 

 bridization is of the greatest importance, 

 but is well understood by horticulturists 

 and need not be discussed in detail. 



One of the great practical problems be- 

 fore breeders is to learn how to produce 

 variations, specially mutations, by arti- 

 ficial means. They are evidently the re- 

 sult of changed conditions of some sort, 

 but what these conditions are which influ- 

 ence the changes should be understood, so 

 that the breeder may force the variation 

 and not be compelled to await the slow 

 and uncertain action of natural causes. 

 Experiments have indicated that muta- 

 tions may be stimulated by injections 

 into the plant, of chemical solutions such 

 as zinc sulphate, calcium nitrate, and the 

 like, and many experiments on this 

 method are now in progress. 



Producing Mutations Artificially. 



other experiments and observations in- 

 dicate that very great changes in tem- 

 perature at certain periods in the life of 

 the plant may lead it to produce muta- 

 tions. Experiments are being conducted 

 also in feeding plants with different 

 chemical solutions, and out of the mass of 

 evidence now being accumulated it seems 

 probable that some methods will be dis- 

 covered by which we may induce plants 

 to produce these marked changes or mu- 

 tations which are of such value to the 

 breeder. It does now seem probable that 

 we will be able to guide the direction of 

 the change, but if we can increase the 

 number of the variations we will increase 

 our chances of getting the ones showing 

 desirable improvements. 



The importance of breeders giving 

 careful attention to bud variation should 

 be emphasized. We know that occasion- 

 ally a tree -will produce on one branch a 

 variety of fruit different from that on 

 the rest of the tree, and the same is true 

 with flowers. The cause of this is a 

 change that takes place in the bud in- 



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The Moore-Lfvingston Co., Lansdowne, Pa. 



Mention The Review when you write. 



stead of through the seed and sexual re- 

 production. Every tree is of a complex 

 nature and every bud on a tree differs 

 from every other bud on the same tree. 

 As simple and fundamental as this truth 

 is, yet we pay almost no attention to 

 the plants from which we select buds or 

 cuttings. An orchard will last for a 

 hundred years, and we plant largely for 

 our children, yet we pay little heed to 

 the selection of the buds which we use 

 in propagation. 



Breeding Should Be Fad. 



In conclusion the speaker urged every 

 horticulturist to adopt a breeding fad, 

 to select some one plant which they will 

 breed, as Jersey cows and Berkshire hogs 

 are now bred. It costs a grower nothing 

 to make a few hybrids of different vari- 

 eties each year. Such experiments if 

 made generally would unquestionably, in 

 a short time, result in the discovery of 

 many improved varieties and the names 

 of their producers would go down in his- 

 tory as have the names of Colonel Bald- 

 win, the originator of the Baldwin apple, 

 and John Bull, the originator of the Con- 

 cord grape. 



Oil City, Pa. — Since the death of her 

 husband, about a year ago, Mrs. Eose 

 E. Eeynders has been conducting a cut 

 flower business in her own name. 



In Oood< 

 Supply 



ASTERS 



White, Lavender, Pink and Purple 



$1.00 to $3.00 per 100 



WM. F. SNYDER, Main Street Florist 



HOPKINS VILLC, KT. 



Mention The Review when you write 



SYRINGA JAPONICA. 



Syringa Japonica is sometimes referred 

 to as the tree lilac, for under favorable 

 conditions it assumes tree-like propor- 

 tions. It is a native of Japan, and dif- 

 fers considerably from any other syringa, 

 the inflorescence and flowers reminding 

 one more of those of a privet than a 

 lilac. On free-growing examples the 

 leaves are large, six inches or so long, 

 wide in proportion, and more or less oval 

 in shape. The inflorescences are in the 

 form of large panicles, four to six inches 

 long and as much through, the individual 

 flowers being small" and cream colored. 

 Flowers are borne with remarkable free- 

 dom, and as the flowering time is the end 

 of June and early July, it is a period 

 when they are welcome on account of 

 good flowering shrubs and trees being 

 scarce. 



As is the case with other lilacs, this 

 one grows most satisfactorily in good,- 

 loamy soil. To assist it to assume a tree- 



