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THE ILLINOIS FARMER. 



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are a variety of fast growing shade trees 

 suitable to 611 the great blank around the 

 many farm houses of the prairies. 



But all need not wait for the trees to be 

 planted and grown in the nursery. There 

 are thousands of native trees of large size 

 upon the borders of the streams, and in the 

 wood-skirts that may be removed with ihe 

 most perfect success, if due care is only taken 

 in the operation- We have removed trees 

 twenty feet high and eight inches in diameter 

 and hardly lost 5 per cent, of thera, by the 

 removal. The proper season is now ap- 

 proaching, and we will give the necessary 

 directions. 



If the tree to be removed is large, say 

 from four to six inches in diameter, a trench 

 of from eighteen inches to two feet should 

 be dug from the body, all round the kree, 

 saving the earth about the roots entire, ex- 

 cept on the top it maybe thrown off to the 

 surface of the roots. Cut off the roots that 

 come within the trench, leaving the ends 

 smooth and clear, let tlie tree stand uatil 

 the ball of earth around it has become so 

 tirmly frozen that it may be handled with- 

 out breaking. The holes to receive the 

 trees should also be prepared and *he richest 

 parts of the earth that is thrown out should 

 be laid in a corupaet p'-r-, ond covered with 

 "Stalks nr straw ro prevent it from being 

 frozen when wr nted to fill iu around the 

 tree. To remove the tree the tap roots 

 must be cut, leaving the bail of- earth as 

 large as can coiiveiiieatly be hahdU'd, or 

 according to the size of tiie tree. Wi'h a 

 rope .secured near tl e to;), tiie tree may 

 be pnlieu over upon the fore axle and* 

 wheels of a w^gon, or x coiaraoa slide 

 ^s!ed) and hauled to the p' ice where 

 it is to be planted. Care should be taken 

 to bind the body of the tree with straw or 

 corn stalks, wher-^. it ou ofs iii coulact vifirli 

 the sled or axle of the wagon, so as not to 

 bruise the bark. 



Before the tree is set, its branches should 

 be th'iiucd and shortened, in proportion to 

 the loss of the roots, in the act of removal. 

 Care should be taken to cut and thin out the 

 branches so as to leave a well balanced 

 head, and to shorten them according to the 

 size of the tree, from three to five feet from 

 the stem and not according to the absurd 

 practice of some by cutting everything close 

 .to the body of the tree, leaving it -as bare 

 as a bean-pole, without an eye or a bud to 

 furnish a leaf. A tree to grow with cer- 

 tainty, when removed, requires a proper 

 number of vigorous buds, which are as es- 

 sential to its growth as due portion of roots. 



THE DAIRY. 



New Phocess of Making Bcttib. — Mr. D 



Minthorn, of Jefferson county, exhibited at the 

 late State Fair at WatertowD, New York, soQie 

 samplea of very fine batter, made b/ a process 

 which he dsscribes as follows: 



"This sample of butter is. made by my im- 

 proved nieihod, whtreby every drop of wuler or 

 buttermilk is taken out ol it by solar evapora- 

 tion. In this process, I claim tuhe^efo perfect- 

 ed batter makiDg,tbat batter maybe kept eweet 

 tor several djiys. without the rancid odor caused 

 by the decomposition of water and batter milk, 

 that pervades moat of the butter at the present 

 lime. 



" rbe following is an outline of my improved 

 process: Firstly, in pJiurning the cream, euough 

 ice should be put iuto ituocasionuuy, ;o make liis 

 baiter come in crumbs; pour oil the buttermilk 

 and wash the bfttter several times in soitice 

 water, uolil there ceases lo be any milky appear- 

 ance. Daring the process of washing, sboald 

 there be a so. id lump of butter large enough to 

 contain a ceil of fluid, that lump should be 

 crushed while in the water, aod brokeu into a 

 coiresponding size with the other crumbs. 

 Lastly, wasu it in brine made of rock salt, salt- 

 petre, soit water and icc; skitn the crumbs out 

 off the Drine, wi;.h a sk.mmer; dram each skim- 

 mer full weii,auu spread the crumbs of' butter oq 

 zinc pltttes, (in cold weather, wcodea labit s will 

 00 'nst'^afl.} In very warm weither, tho zinc 

 pl-^Jes shou''] be set on ice water. VVhLe the 

 crumbs are opreau out inuji_v, ^h<-^ ■L-^ bi'tcer 

 in the inidJie of a milk room; open all the 

 windovva, and a cuneot of air passing over it, 

 will evapor:»;t all the moisture ,:. wa-aiweuiher, 

 if th(^ room Is suittiblv veoiila'ed. 



Care should ue taken not lo huveanv other 

 cioisinrtf iii the room, like wjter oq the floor. 

 Of wei dairy luraiture iu the roon.. VViieii iLe 

 butler is perfectly dry, pack it dofrc immcdiate- 

 1/; let ihere be no moie work ng of it than is 

 necessary to pp^k it solid in & jar or tab. This 

 will ssc'jr" ULibrokeo the crystals of b»iit*r anj 

 its oriyinal fiit>or. As near .. > I c-io ascertain, 

 .iitri- will uu. !rxc?.ed o;.o cu.'j-' ;: sait. :o tea 

 pounds of bdttcr, by the process ot brine saltiuff. 

 As a general th'mg, in making: for hospitals, 

 goaty luvdlidsand sicK peisons. the salting pro- 

 cess should bs Gtaitted altogether. Butter siade 

 in this way, (without laii,) if sealed iu cans or 

 jare, and placed in au aiiuosphere or chamber 

 of bin-oxiJe of nitrogen, I believe will keep auy 

 practical number of years." 



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To Make Yellow Buttek in Wintib.— 

 Messrs. Editors — For a churning of ten or twelve 

 poands of butter, take about three or four car- 

 rots, grate them fine, and press out the juice, then 

 pour some hot water on thera and prpss again. 

 Take the juice thus obtained, and mix it with 

 about a piat of new er sweet milk, and put lo 

 the cream and churn as asaal. — Country Genilt' 

 man. 



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