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THE ILLINOIS PARMER. 



53 



er States, while we have the best pasturage 

 in the world. 



There are some good milkers among th( ) 

 Dnrham and Devon cows, though not fur- 

 nishing a large amount of milk, give milk: 

 of a rich quality , But neitherof these breeds; 

 possess the milking qualities that we desire. 

 We can occasionally find as good milkers: 

 among our native stock. 



The Alderney cow is famed as a milker — 

 does not give much niilk, but she yields milk, 

 that has no rival for richness. A single cow 

 has been known to give milk from which 

 nineteen pounds of butter were made for sev- 

 ral weeks in succession. This, of course^ 

 is a rare occurrence; the average is from six; 

 to nine pounds weekly, during the. season,, 

 supposing the cow to be first-rate of her kind.. 

 This stock is small; generally of a white and. 

 sandy red, or fawn color; the latter being- 

 dispersed in large patches. They are re- 

 markably gentle, and great favorites. Th© 

 Ayershire is an improvement on the Alder- 

 ney. It is said to be a cross between Alder- 

 ny and Durham. The stock is a favorite with, 

 dairy-men. It is particularly valuable be- 

 cause when it'cesises to be a profit for other 

 purposes, it is good for beef, being readily 

 fattened, and the meat yielded is highly nu- 

 tritious, and of the best flavor. 



It has been estimated that a good Ayer- 

 shire cow will yield, for two or three months 

 after calving, five gallons of milk daily; for 

 the next three months, three gallons daily; 

 and a gallon and a-half the following three 

 months. This can be increased with rich 

 feeding. This milk is calculated to aflford 

 250 lbs. of butter annually, or 500 lbs of 

 cheese. This estimate is for first-rate cows. 

 The Ayershire is of good size, has some- 

 thing of the appearance of the Durham; the 

 the color usually varied, mingled with sandy 

 red; horns crooked; eyes lively; fore-should- 

 ers thin; straight body; capacious udder, and 

 broad behind. 



The Illinois Association would, I think, 

 subserve the public interest by importing 

 some of the Ayershire stock. We want milk 

 slock as well as beef;— so, at least it appears 

 to the writer. FARMER. 



Revenues, Tariffs, Taxation. 



Editor Illinois Farmer. 



The revenaes of most commercial nations are 

 derived chiefly from the foreign commodities 

 they consume. Without denying the advan- 

 tages of this 8ystem:aside from the protection of 

 home interests, to which we will hereafter allade, 

 they seem to consist in convenience, and the 

 satisfactory unconscioasness with which large 

 and extortionary sums are taken from yoa, and 

 pat into the dark and anknown abysses of the 

 treasury. It may be tolerated tinder goveru- 

 ments with which the people have nothing to 

 do, hot is a reproach to those who administer 

 their own government, and have a lively and in- 

 telligent sense of their rights. Daties on foreign 

 goods bear nneqaally and nDJastly upon the 

 different members of society; a poor man may 

 from a variety of circumstances consnme more 

 of foreign goods than his richer neighbor, and 

 as revenue is based upon property, the system 

 becomes doubly hard upon those who have 

 small means To this it may be said that daties 

 are discriminating, bsing levied mostly upon 

 laxaries; bat oar people scarce recognize the 

 distinction. Sugar is required for all, and a multi- 

 tude of othbr articles that enter into common 

 use, and if we descend to a silk dress, we shall 

 be disposed to let it pass, as it is deemed a re- 

 qnisite to good society, in the improved or bd- 

 improved usage of the times. 



If this reasoning be true, their property 

 escapes the taxation that justly belongs to it, 

 and the Astors and Sears' may contribute as 

 little to sustain the general government (not the 

 ireal authorities.) as tens of thousands of other 

 families in the land. Bat, as before hinted, thic 

 system of revenue suits an ignorant people; not 

 we should trust so applicable to oar want of iii- 

 telligence as to our thoughtlessness and nnbouud- 

 ed prosperity; but year by year becoming more 

 and more a reproach. Instituted in a dark age, 

 to fill the coffers of corrupt princes, it should 

 now be scraticized with antiring vigilance and 

 curtailed wherever possible. 



Protection is considered necessary in new 

 countries to develope their resources, and for pro" 

 t«ction alone would we advocate a tariff, until 

 wealth, means, and labor get a controlling 

 power, when we would dispense with daties alto- 

 gether, and level custom houses to the gronnd- 

 Undpr a system of direct taxation, saddeuly 

 imposed, the rich would find themselves very 

 much involved, and the poor very much relieved. 

 The former living where his property had con- 





