EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN FOR COMMAND STRUCTURE AND CREW COMPOSITION STUDY 



Ten separate missions were established as described in the Introduction. 

 Behavior and Habitability data were gathered on each dive. For the 12-14 

 day missions, the crews dove together and were retrieved as a single creWo 

 This occurred in missions 1, 6, 15 and 17. 



Crew Rotation 



The most complex dives for the behavioral program were the two 60 day periods, 

 consisting of three interactive missions (missions 2,3,4, and 8,10,12.) See 

 Figure 2. During these periods, studies were made on command structure, 

 changing command roles, crew composition and crew rotation. One engineer 

 and four marine scientists constituted the initial crew. The scientist crew 

 was composed of two teams each with one senior and one junior scientist. One 

 of these senior scientists was also designated as the senior commander for 

 the entire crew as well as the senior scientific commander. The role of the 

 scientific crew was to carry out their pre-determined marine sciences 

 research program. The role of the engineer was habitat maintenance including 

 on-board equipment, diver preparation support, some housekeeping, maintaining 

 equipment logs, and life support system monitoring. 



At the end of 20 days, the second scientific crew dove to the main habitat to 

 replace all of the original scientists. Only the original engineer remained 

 on board. He assumed the role of senior commander at that time. This second 

 scientific crew consisted of two senior and two junior scientists, working 

 together as two teams, with a senior and junior member in each team. One of 

 these senior scientists was designated as senior scientific commander. 



Ten days later a second engineer dove to the habitat to replace the original 

 engineer. The second engineer assumed the role of operations engineer, i.e., 

 he was not the habitat senior commander but assumed only the engineering 

 duties o During the next 10 day period (Days 31-40), the on-board senior 

 scientific commander was designated as senior commander (i.e., overall 

 command) . 



At the end of 40 days, the third scientific crew of four aquanauts entered 

 the habitat and the second scientific crew surfaced. The third marine 

 scientific crew also was composed of two teams with a senior and junior 

 scientist in each. One senior scientist had been designated as senior 

 scientific commander. At this time the engineer assumed the role of senior 

 habitat commander for the remainder of the dive. 



At the end of the 60 day period, all aquanauts surfaced. 



The same sequence of activities and crew structuring was completely replicated 

 in the second 60 day period (missions 8, 10, 12). 



HABITABILITY RESEARCH 



To date, manned space flights have demonstrated the ability of the astronauts 

 to adapt to austere living conditions. Space stations of the future will 

 require larger crews who will spend longer periods in orbit. Therefore, it is 

 necessary to improve the habitability of future space vehicles to provide a 



VIII-8 



