Table 5. — Comparison of Long and Short Missions 



Mean Percent 



Variable 



Long Missions Short Missions F-Ratio 



(6) 



(4) 



Proba- 

 bility 



Work 



Total Marine Science 

 Direct Marine Support 

 Marine Science Support 

 Habitat Maintenance 

 Maintenance of Others 



Leisure 



Co-recreation 

 Solitary Recreation 

 Relaxing 



Self -Maintenance 



Sleep 



31.70 



25.99 



13.76 



12.24 



4.38 



1..32 



19.95 



8.52 

 5.73 

 5.70 



8.08 



36.73 



36.30 



4.53 



.03 



20o62 



<1 



N.S. 



For all analyses, df between groups = 1, d^ error = 46, 



and organization. Aquanauts on longer missions were more concerned with per- 

 sonal well-being. They spent significantly more time sleeping and in self- 

 maintenance (personal hygiene, etc.). This probably reflects a perceived need 

 to keep oneself in top shape while working on a strenuous schedule. 



The fact that aquanauts on short missions worked significantly more than those 

 on long missions is largely an artifact of food preparation. On all 20-day 

 missions, aquanauts ate prepacked, frozen food provided by NASA. On three of 

 the four short missions, aquanauts had to prepare their own food using standard 

 grocery store consumables. Food preparation is coded as maintenance of others; 

 significantly more time was spent on this component of work in short missions. 

 Of particular interest is the fact that there was not a significant difference 

 between long and short missions in the percent of marine science work accom- 

 plished. Thus, longer mission duration did not significantly reduce the per- 

 centage of total time aquanauts were able or motivated to devote to scientific 

 work. 



Comparison of 60-Day Missions 



The six 20-day missions were organized as two sets of three missions with four 

 engineers serving for 30 days each and rotating at the halfway point of each 

 set. The two groups of three missions were compared by analysis of variance 

 to determine whether any unpredicted differences were present in habitat 

 behavior. The two sets of missions were comparable on the major activity 

 categories; no significant differences were found. These findings, and those 



VIII-34 



