Table 8 (cont) 



Variable 



Solitary Recreation 



Long Missions with 

 Engineer Change 



Long Missions without 

 Engineer Change 



Mean % Mean % 



1st Half (Before 2nd Half (After Interaction 

 Engineer Change) Engineer Change) F-Ratlo Probability 



4.1 



5.6 



5.4 



5.2 



3.98 



.05 



Gregariousness 



(Time spent communicating) 



Long Missions with 33.8 

 Engineer Change 



Long Missions without 

 Engineer Change 28.3 



28.5 



30.1 



16.2 



.0008 



differ significantly as a function of engineer change. In missions where the 

 engineer changed, co-recreation decreased after the shift while in missions 

 without rotation there was an increase in co-recreation during the correspond- 

 ing time period. Exactly the opposite pattern is shown in the data on solitary 

 recreation. An engineer change was followed by an increase in solitary leis- 

 ure while intact groups showed decreased solitary recreation over time. 



The effect of crew change on gregariousness (as measured by total conversation) 

 is highly significant. While social interaction increased between the first 

 and last half of missions without rotation, there was a dramatic drop when a 

 new member entered the group . 



Because of the limited number of cases, generalizations about the effects of 

 partial crew rotation are unwarranted. However, the fact that a member of an 

 isolated small group could be replaced in mid-mission without an adverse effect 

 on performance is worthy of note, particularly since the change was associated 

 with significant changes in social behavior. The shifts in leisure activity 

 and gregariousness after rotation are in the direction of less group cohesive- 

 ness. This pattern is consistent with a large research literature indicating 

 that the addition of a new member to a cohesive, ongoing group produces at 

 least temporary disruption. 



It should be emphasized that the crewman change in TEKTITE involved the replace- 

 ment of a peripheral member. The engineer is peripheral in the sense that his 

 role is not directly related to the scientific goals of the other team members. 

 Replacing a scientist-aquanaut might have a far greater impact on performance. 

 In any case, TEKTITE aquanauts managed crew rotation without major conflict or 

 work decrement. 



VIII -45 



