member. One implication of this finding is that isolated groups can 

 successfully cope with the rotation of one of their members. This must be 

 regarded as a tentative finding since there were only two instances of change 

 and since the engineer was a peripheral member of the group. 



There were strong overall relationships between in-habitat activity variables. 

 The percentage of time spent sleeping was negatively related to performance 

 criteria as was time spent in leisure. These correlations seem to reflect indi- 

 vidual differences in motivation which ^re predictable. Gregariousness was sig- 

 nificantly related to both total work and total marine science. Those who spent 

 most time in social interaction achieved higher work output. Communication with 

 topside personnel was also positively related to performance. 



Although we have not yet analyzed specific data on patterns of communication, 

 it appears that the provision of a 2-way video link to the surface plays an 

 important role in maintaining good relations between aquanauts and surface- 

 support personnel. Preliminary analysis of some of the behavioral data by 

 Silverman (1970) suggests these conclusions. The video link seems to reduce 

 feelings of isolation and overt hostility towards remote operational personnel 

 which have been prominent in other, similar environments such as SEALAB (Radloff 

 and Helmreich, 1968). It seems advisable to include 2-way video links between 

 remote groups and control centers whenever feasible in future operations. 



Detailed analyses of meal behavior data have not yet been undertaken. However, 

 several comments about the effects of the NASA food program may be warranted. 

 Prepackaged frozen meals were used on all of the long missions and one of the 

 short missions. Although use of the frozen meals (which had only to be heated) 

 did markedly reduce time spent by aquanauts preparing meals and cleaning up, 

 this time-saving was not reflected in higher work output. Time gained by using 

 packaged food was used for leisure rather than work. 



Preliminary analyses of time factors in habitat behavior show significant shifts 

 in activities over time, Aquanauts spent less time working, more time in leis- 

 ure, and more time sleeping in the second half of missions that they did in the 

 first half. The changes in behavior were much more dramatic in short missions 

 than they were in long missions. Behavior in long missions was generally more 

 stable than in 2-week missions, suggesting that more adaptation to the habitat 

 environment took place in the 20-day period. This stability implies that 3-week 

 periods are much better models of long-term confinement than two weeks, and that 

 results from 3-week missions may generalize to much longer periods. Extensive 

 analysis of daily patterns of behavior is needed. These analyses should provide 

 much useful information on circadian rhythms and on causal relations between 

 mood and activities and among activity variables such as leisure, sleep, and 

 work. 



The Life History Questionnaire has proved to be a highly effective predictive 

 instrument. Conceptual variables derived from the LHQ can account for a meaning- 

 ful percentage of the observed variance on performance variables. When valida- 

 tion and refinement of the LHQ have been completed, it should prove to be an 

 outstanding instrument for both personnel selection and psychological research. 

 Preliminary cross-validation indicates that it can predict performance even in 

 a highly different population. 



VIII- 60 



