Dr. Helmreich's observations, the crew spent 21.75 percent of their total time 

 in leisure, which is very close to the overall average of 20.23 percent. The 

 observations reported here were gathered independently via video monitoring of 

 the habitat*. The observation period was daily from 4:30 pm to 12:30 am, except 

 four days during which observations were from 4:30 to 8:30 pm. Observation was 

 constant during these periods, and the time period was selected on the proba- 

 bility of it being rich in leisure behaviors. Table IV presents the distribu- 

 tion of various observed leisure activities in terms of frequency, length of 

 duration, and total duration. The following were not included in the coding 

 of leisure activity: conversations directly pertinent to the mission, cook- 

 ing, personal hygiene, eating supper, sleeping (but napping is included), 

 locomoting, swimming for fun when observer not certain, reading book when 

 observer not certain if it is a leisure book, and any other activities not 

 listed in the left-hand column of Table IV. In the observation periods, a 

 total of 480 man-hours were observed, and during this time, 1677 leisure acts 

 were noted, occupying a total of 215.53 man-hours. Thus, the aquanauts spent 

 45 percent of their time in leisure activity during the observation times. 

 The average duration of a leisure act was 7.71 minutes. 



Three out of five crewmen spent more time conversing than in any other single 

 leisure activity.'''^* 



Interview statements concerning leisure activities that were enjoyed most were 

 compared with the data from these observations. There was good agreement 

 between stated leisure preference in the interview and relative duration 

 engaged in that leisure behavior while living in the habitat. Two aquanauts 

 stated that they liked the audio cassettes best, two the audio cassettes and 

 the magazines the best, and one liked the books best. Of the four crewmen 

 who liked the audio cassettes, all spent a considerable amount of time listen- 

 ing to them, but the crewman who did not list them as a favorite did not play 

 one cassette during the observations. This crewman, who stated books were his 

 favorite leisure item, did in fact spend more than twice as much time as any 

 other crewman reading books. The two crewmen who mentioned magazines as their 

 favorite spent more time reading magazines than any other crewman. However, 

 even though the crewman who liked books best read books considerably more than 

 any other crewman, he still spent more time in conversation than in reading. 

 Similarly, the two crewmen who particularly liked magazines still spent more 

 time conversing and watching TV films than reading magazines, even though they 

 spent more time reading magazines than the others. 



Mission Duration 



In analyzing the data, a number of variables especially relevant to life quality 

 in the habitat were investigated to determine whether or not duration of stay 



*We appreciate the cooperation of the crew and Dr. Helmreich in allowing us 

 to make these observations. 

 **More comprehensive tables showing day by day variations in the frequency 

 and duration of specific activities by individual crewmen and by various 

 habitat areas can be obtained by writing the authors. 



VIII-81 



