MATERIALS 

 PROPERTIES OF U.S.S. STAINLESS STEEL (Continued) 



51 



Alloy 



Typical chemical composition 



Carbon 



Manganese. . 

 Phosphorus. . 



Sulphur 



Silicon 



Chromium. . . 



Nickel 



Molybdenum 



Physical properties 



Density, lb. per cu. in 



Specific electrical resistance at 6S''F.: 



Microhms per cc 



Microhms per cu. in 



Low-carbon steel = 1.00 



Melting range, deg. F 



Structure 



Magnetic permeabihty: 



As annealed 



After 10 per cent reduction of area. . 

 Specific heat: 



B.t.u./deg. F./lb. at 32-212°F 



Low-carbon steel = 1.00 (0-100°C.) . 

 Thermal conductivity: 



B.t.u./sq. ft./hr./deg. F./in., at 212°F 



Low-carbon steel = 1.00, at 100°C. . . 



B.t.u./sq. ft./hr./deg. F./in., at932°F 

 Coefficient of thermal expansion: 



Per deg. F. X 10= (32-212°F.) 



Per deg. F. X 10= (32-932''F.) 



U.S.S. 18-8 Mo U.S.S. 25-12 



Type 316 



0. 10 max. 

 2 . 00 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.75 max. 

 16.0/18.0 

 14.0 max. 

 2.00/3.00 



0.291 



72.3 

 28.5 



2500-2550 

 Austenitic 



n = 1.003- 

 fi = 1.10 



0.12 

 1.1 



108 



0.31 

 145 



8.4 

 9.6 



Type 309 



0.20 max. 

 2.00 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.75 max. 

 22.0/26.0 

 12.0/14.0 



0.283 



78 



30.7 

 7.1 

 2530-2570 

 Austenitic 



1^ = 1.003 

 *i = 1.003 



0.12 

 1.1 



87-116 

 . 25-0 . 34 

 125 



8.3 

 9.6 



U.S.S. 12 



Type 410J; 



0. 15 max. 

 0.75 max. 

 . 03 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.75 max. 

 10.0/14.0 



0.276 



57 



22.4 

 5.2 

 2750-2790 

 Martensitic 



Ferromagnetic 

 Ferromagnetic 



0.11 



i.d 



173 



0.50 

 199 



6.1 



7.2 



U.S.S. 17 



Type 430 



0.12 max. 

 0.75 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.75 max. 

 14.0/18.0 



2.273 



59 



23.2 

 5.4 

 2710-2750 

 Ferritic 



Ferromagnetic 

 Ferromagnetic 



0.11 

 1.0 



169 



0.49 

 181 



6.0 

 6.7 



U.S.S. 27 



Type 446 



0..35 max. 

 1.00 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.03 max. 

 0.75 max. 

 23.0/30.0 



0.270 



67 



26.4 

 6.1 

 2710-2750 

 Ferritic 



Ferromagnetic 

 Ferromagnetic 



0.11 

 1.0 



145 



0.42 

 169 



5.9 

 6.3 



Mechanical properties at room 

 temperatures 



Tensile strength, 10^ lb. per sq. in 



Yield point, 10^ lb. per sq. in 



Modulus of elasticity, 10= lb. per sq. in. 



Elongation in 2 in., per cent 



Reduction of area, per cent 



Charpy impact strength, ft.-lb 



Izod impact strength, ft.-lb 



Endurance Umit (fatigue), 10=* lb. per sq. 



Brinell hardness number 



Rockwell hardness number _. . . 



Stress causing 1 per cent elongation 

 (creep) in 10,000 hr.: 



At 1000°F., lb. per sq. in 



At 1200°F., lb. per sq. in 



At 1350°F.. lb. per sq. in 



At 1500°F., lb. per sq. in 



Scahng temperature, deg. F. (approxi- 

 mate) 



Initial forging temperature, deg. F 



Finishing temperature, deg. F 



Anneahng treatment. 



Cold forming, dra\ving, stamping 



Machinabihty 



Welding (arc, gas, resistance, atomic 

 hydrogen) 



Precautions (see notes) 



Annealed 



80- 95 

 35- 45 



29 

 50- 55 

 55- 65 

 70-110 



43 

 135-185 

 B75-B90 



Cold 

 worked 



105-300t 

 60-250 

 29- 26 

 50- 2 

 65- 30 



90- 95 

 170^60 

 C5-C40 



25,000 

 18,000 



8,000 



3,000 



1650 

 2200 

 Not under 

 1600-1700 

 1950-2050°F. 

 and quench 



Good 



Fair tough 



Very good, anneal 



for maximum 



corrosion 



resistance 



(A) 



Annealed 



90-110 

 40- 60 



29 

 35- 50 

 45- 60 



53 

 150-185 

 B80-B90 



Cold 

 worked 



110-270 

 65-230 

 29- 26 

 25- 2 

 55- 20 



170-375 

 C5-C40 



17,000 



11,000 



3,400 



850 



2100 



2150 



Not under 



1600-1700 



1950-2050°F. 



and quench 



Good 



Fair tough 



Very good, anneal 



for maximum 



corrosion 



resistance 



(-4) 



Annealed 



65- 85 

 35- 45 



28 

 35- 25 

 65- 60 



100- 60 



135-165 

 B75-B85 



Quench- 

 ed and 

 drawn 



100-200 

 60-180 



25- 10 

 65- 25 



100- 5 



293-390 

 C30-C40 



13,000 

 2,300 

 1,400 



1300 

 2100 



Not over 1450 



I Furnace cool 

 from 1550- 

 1100°F. or air 

 cool from 

 1300-1400°F. 

 Fair 

 Fair 

 Fair 

 Welding hardens 

 Anneal to restore 

 ductiUty 



(C) 



Annealed 



70- 90 



40- 55 



29 

 30- 20 

 55- 40 



8- 25 



50 

 145-185 

 B80-B90 



Cold 

 worked 



100-180 

 65- 30 



29 

 25- 2 

 40- 20 



185-270 

 B90-B105 



8,500 

 2,100 

 1,200 



1550 

 2000 



Not over 1400 



Air cool from 

 1500-1400'F. 



Good 



Fair 



Fair 



Welds are brittle 



when cold 



Shght response 



to anneal 



(fl) 



Annealed 



75- 95 

 45- 60 



29 

 30- 20 

 50- 40 



50 

 140-185 

 B80- 90 



Cold 

 worked 



85-175 

 55-155 



29 

 25- 2 

 55- 25 



150-250 

 C0-C25 



1,600 

 400 



2100 



2000 



Not over 



1400-1450 



Rapid cool from 



1650-1550°F. 



Poor 



Fair 



Fair 



Welds are brittle 



when cold 



Shght response 



to anneal 



(-D) 



X U.S.S. 12 free machining, Type 416, same as 410 except S or Se 0.07 min. or molybdenum 0.60 max. 



{A) Preheat slowly to 1600°F.. then heat rapidly to the forging or annealing temperature. Exposure to temperatures between 800 to 

 1600°F. produces marked susceptibihty to intergranular corrosion. If the metal is unattached, this can be cured by repeating the anneahng 

 treatment. 



{B) For maximum corrosion resistance in high temperature ser\dce, use following stress reheving operations — heat 2 hr. at 1550°F.. 

 air cool. 



(C) Preheat slowly to 1450°F., then heat rapidly to 2100°F. for forging. Full corrosion resistance is developed only in the heat-treated 

 condition. (Temper below 1000°F.) 



(D) In forging, preheat slowly to 1450°F. Excessive grain growth takes place above 2000°F. Expert welding is required to avoid 

 excessive grain growth. Prolonged exposure at 850 to 950°r. produces cold brittleness. To prevent this, heat to 1650 to 1550°F. before 

 cooling, and quench. Stainless steels cannot be forge hammer welded. 



