2 Introduction 
The program of the Scientific Affairs Division which I shall briefly describe 
is more completely explained in another pamphlet with the title "Facts about 
NATO Scientific Cooperation," which is available for those who wish a copy. 
The Advanced Study Institute program is one ofthe most successful ventures 
sponsored by the Scientific Affairs Division. This program has been in operation 
for three years. In 1959 five institutes were held at a total cost of $100,000. In 
1960, with a budget of $200,000, ten institutes were conducted. In 1961, a total 
of nineteen institutes will be sponsored with an expenditure of approximately 
$300,000; this institute is one of the nineteen. To qualify for NATO support, both 
the lecturers and participants must be drawn from several NATO countries; 
however, persons from non-NATO lands also attend. Three members of the 
Science Committee serve as an expert Advisory Panelto screen the applications. 
Subjects discussed vary widely and may include any branch of the physical, 
biological, or mathematical sciences. The institutes fulfill several purposes. 
International understanding is improved by allowing scientists of different nations 
to meet and talk with one another; the education of young scientists is appreciably 
stimulated by the high level of instruction; and more senior scientists have the 
Opportunity to engage in a frank exchange of views. Many of the studies under- 
taken are of vital importance if measured by their potential benefit to mankind. 
SCIENCE FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM 
One of the earliest actions of the Science Committee was to launch the NATO 
Science Fellowship Program. In 1959, its first year, the program allowed over 
two hundred students to study in countries other than their own; fields of study 
included an impressive variety of topics in mathematics, physics, chemistry, 
biology, astronomy, and engineering. The fellowship program is administered 
by national agencies of the various countries. The NATO countries provided 
$1,000,000 to support the program in 1959, $1,750,000 in 1960, and $2,500,000 
in 1961. 
The fellowships help to meet the needs of not only the less developed NATO 
nations, whose lack of opportunities places them in a special category, but also 
of the more technologically advanced countries whose students may be faced by 
an insufficiency of grants for study in neighboring lands. Only the most qualified 
applicants are encouraged, yet the number of qualified applicants has always 
been greater than the number of fellowships available. 
RESEARCH GRANTS PROGRAM 
Scientific advances depend upon research; to sponsor specific research pro- 
jects the Research Grants Program was started in 1960. Though the Science 
Committee takes the view that scientific researchis most appropriately financed 
on a national basis, it recognizes that there are particular instances when the 
resources of NATO should be used. For example, some scientific fields such as 
oceanography are inadequately investigated because the subject is of an inter- 
national nature and for this reason unduly neglected by individual countries. 
Again, in a few of the NATO countries, funds devoted to research are meager 
and the Research Grants program has beenusedto sponsor a few active research 
projects in the hope that these may havea catalytic effect and encourage govern- 
ments to devote more resources to science. 
