D. E. Weston 
55 
(a) 
(b) 
Fig. 3.2. Surface effects for 1-lb charges at 5 fathoms; (a) corrugations (b) plume. 
tension of about 300 lb/in? There is a separate and sometimes more impressive 
surface effect known as the plume, which occurs when the oscillating explosion 
gases reach the surface. Figure 3.2 illustrates the phenomena of corrugations 
and plume for a 1-lb charge at 5 fathoms, and indicates that for most shots used 
in transmission experiments the surface effects are not spectacular. 
Acoustically, an underwater explosion does not behave precisely like a fixed 
low-amplitude source, both because of the high pressure generated and because 
the explosion source may move while radiating. It is worth listing the differences. 
