VANADIUM 



687 



date deposits and in the deposits in sandstone are 

 visually recognizable in the lield, and of course the 

 presence of associated uranium in the sandstone 

 deposits is readily detected by its radioactivity. The 

 presence of vanadium in iron deposits much be de- 

 termined by analysis, even though the principal ore 

 minerals in these deposits can be recognized visual- 

 ly. Analyses are also generally needed to detect the 

 presence of vanadium in phosphate rock, carbon- 

 aceous shale, and asphaltite, although in places 

 recognizable vanadium minerals develop on the 

 weathered outcrops of these deposits. Generally, va- 

 nadium is not amenable to geochemical exploration 

 techniques of sampling soils and stream sediments, 

 as are the base metals and some other metals, be- 

 cause vanadium is not so readily soluble and because 

 it has a high background content in many types of 

 rocks. 



PROBLEMS FOR RESEARCH 



The demand for vanadium is expected to increase 

 appreciably. World resources of vanadium are very 

 large, but most of the raw materials containing these 

 resources will yield vanadium only as a byproduct, 

 commonly a minor one, and so output of vanadium is 

 largely dependent on the requirements for other 

 commodities and on technological practices that 

 permit the recovery of small amounts of vanadium. 



Domestic requirements for vanadium are expected 

 to exceed domestic output. In order to avoid de- 

 pendence on foreign supplies, new vanadium deposits 

 must be found or the means must be developed to 

 recover bjrproduct vanadium profitably from known 

 sources. Potentially recoverable vanadium is cur- 

 rently being lost from some operations that mine 

 magnetite and phosphate rock and some that refine 

 or burn crude oil. 



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