INDEX 



225 



conclusions, 45-4G 



effect of antenna height, 37-39 



effect of ■wind speed on duct height, 

 41-43 



experimental procediu'e. 33-39 



meteorological measuring procedure 

 and equipment, 33-35, 38 



refractive index of ducts, 40-43 

 One-way transmission, 19-28 



experimental equipment and pro- 

 cedure, 19-20 



field strength sections, 23-28 



ray theory of trapping, 20-21, 23 



wave guide theor_y, 21, 23 

 Optical path transmission, 50-51, 58-59 

 Oxygen in atmosphere, attenuation of 

 radio waves, ISO 



Plan position indicator (PPI) 



appearance for various tj-pes of ]irop- 

 agation, 11 



photographs of radar coverage, 4, 11 



radar echo recording, 198 

 "Plumes," 197 



Pond water, dielectric constant, 141 

 Porton towers, meteorological measure- 

 ments, 100 

 PPI (plan position indicator) 



appearance for various tyjies of prop- 

 agation, 111 



photographs of radar coverage, 4, 11 



radar echo recording, 198 

 Psychrographs, 7 

 Psychrometer 



humidity measurements, 97 



radar propagation forecasting use, 

 116 

 Psychrometric nomogram, 131-133 



Race Point meteorological station, pro- 



cediu'es, 5 

 Kadar 



absorption coefficient, 14S 



artificial echo, 198 



back scattering, 167-171 



clutter, 201 



displays, 198 



pulse repetition rate, 201 



range, maximvmi, 198 



range, prediction, 123, 125-126 



receiver saturation, 202 



response curve of receiver, 201 



scanning, 200-201 



scattering over cross-section area, 

 202-204 



signal detection, 200 



signal fluctuations, 201 



signal threshold power, 198 



storm detection, 187-190 



sweep integration, 200 



target speed, 202 



Watson effect, 202 

 Radar echoes, fluctuations, 191-195 



effect of tide, 195 



effect of wind, 191 



ground clutter, 193-195 



intensity of cloud echoes, 192 



interferences, 191 



random scatterers, 192 



targets viewed over water, 195 

 Radar peiformance, effect of meteoro- 

 logical conditions, 123-126 



determination of duct width, 123-125 



forecasting of radio and radar ranges, 

 123 



qualitative prediction of radar ranges, 

 125-126 



summary, 118 

 Radar propagation forecasting, 109- 

 118, 123 



see also Meteorology for forecasting 

 radio performance 



free balloon flights, 113 



M curves, 111-112 



objectives, 109 



over land, 114-117 



over water, 112-113 



plan position indicator, 111 



psj'chrometer equipment, 116 



range measm-ements, 112 



recommendations, 1 17-118 



sounding stations. 111 



WSC wired sonde, 117 

 Radar transmission 



see also Radio wave transmission 



correlation with one-way transmis- 

 sion, 12-13 



effect of substandard weather condi- 

 tions, 13 



in loAv-lying ocean ducts, 43-46 



maximum ranges, 12 



over-water path measurements, 13-18 



statistics, 12 



target signal strengths, 11-13 

 Radiation Laboratory 



captive balloon sondes, 102-103 



reflection coefficient measurements, 

 137 



temperature-sensitive resistors, 99, 

 101 

 Radio meteorology 



see Meteorology for forecasting radio 

 performance 

 Radio ranges, prediction, 123 

 Radio wave transmission 



see also Centimeter wave propaga- 

 tion; Meteorology for forecast- 

 ing radio performance 



absorption and scattering by the at- 

 mosphere, 148-186 



angle-of-arrival, 205-212 



correlation between calculations and 

 measurements, 26-28 



earth constants in microwave range, 

 138-147 



echoes and targets, 191-204 



effect of air passing over water, 66-67 



effect of ducts on signal strengths, 

 14-17 



effect of nocturnal temperature in- 

 versions, 29-32 



experimental equipment and pro- 

 cedure, 3-7 



fading in line-of-sight, 58-59 



field strength sections, 23-28 



in low-lying ocean ducts, 43-46 



meteorological measurements, 5-7, 

 97-106 



one way, 13-18, 20-28 



optical path transmission, 50-51, 

 58-59 



over- water path characteristics, 13-18 



radar transmission, 11-13 



ray theor.y of trapping, 20-21,23 



reflection coefficients, 137-147 



reflection theory, 21-23, 26 



refractive index, 10-11, 13-18 



seasonal changes, 9 



signal strength, high vs low receivers, 

 10-11 



signal types, 7-9 



stonn detection by radar, 187-190 



wave guide theory and trapping. 21, 

 23 

 Radio wave transmission experiments, 

 locale 



Antigua, West Indies, 33-46 



Arizona, 29-32 



England, 47-60 



Irish Sea, 47-52 



Massachusetts Bay, 3-18 



San Diego and Los Angeles, 19-28 

 Radio-meteorology 



see Meteorology for forecasting radio 

 performance 

 Radiosonde recorders, 104-106 



amplifier output reduction, 106 



cable error, 105 



design considerations, 104 



electrical characteristics of elements, 

 104-105 



electronic amplifiers, 105-106 

 Radiosondes, 101-102 

 Rain 



absorption cross section, 157 



attenuation of radio waves, 149, 157- 

 159, 162-165 



drop concentration, 161 



drop size, effect on attenuation, 148, 

 158-159, 163-164 



drop size distribution in clouds, 160 



echoes on radar, 192 



effect of wavelength on attenuation, 

 149 



effect on angle-of-arrival, 206 



effect on radio wave transmission, 46 



K-band attenuation, 177-180 



particle attenuation factor, 154 



precipitation rates, 161-162 



scattering of jnicrowaves, 165-167 



terminal velocity, 161 

 Rainfall detection with radar, 188 

 Random scatterers, radar, 192 

 Ray diagrams for radio wave trans- 

 mission analysis, 26-28 

 Rav theory of I'adio wave travel, 20-21, 



23 

 Receiver, HRK (high sited K-band), 12 

 Recorders for meteorological soundings, 

 104-106 



amplifier output reduction, 106 



cable error, 105 



design considerations, 104 



