44 DISCUSSION 
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Discussion 
Dr. Tor Bergeron—Did you extend your study 
of October 1952 to Europe? 
Mr. Jerome Namias—Only casually, of course. 
I did not mean to infer that this was a world-wide 
drought. On the contrary, generally one gets 
these compensations in space so that the heavy 
rains in this case were in the oceans—in the East 
Pacific, particularly, and the Atlantic and Can- 
ada had more than their share. I do not re- 
member precisely what went on in the European 
areas during that period. 
Dr. Bergeron—This was only a question, and 
since your answer is negative, I may continue. 
Otherwise, I would have stopped. In fact, it is 
queer that October 1952 is just a month which 
has interested us in my Institution, because there 
was almost constant blocking over Europe. The 
result was that northern Sweden had in that 
month the drought conditions of the United 
States, whereas southern Sweden was like Florida 
—200 millimeters of rain in certain localities with 
northeast winds. In northern Sweden there was 
practically no rain. I think it would be very 
interesting, really, to take up this thing circum- 
polarly. 
Mr. Namias—I want to underline Dr. Ber- 
geron’s comment. Of course, it is well known that 
there are teleconnections between one large cen- 
ter of action and another, so that if we have 
establishment of one pattern, as we did over the 
United States, there will be a corresponding 
generation of resonance waves at other places. 
So, the abnormalities in precipitation over Swe- 
den may be associated with those over the United 
States. 
The second item: Although I had discussed the 
January case (the break in the Ohio Valley 
floods) completely and selected as a case of dra- 
matic break of circulation and weather regime, 
it turns out that the particular storm did most of 
the damage on January 21, which happens to be 
one of the dates indicated by Bowen as being 
especially vulnerable for world-wide precipita- 
tion. It is also the date of the great January 
thaw which Eberhard Wahl (Singularities and 
the general circulation, J. Wet. 10, 42-45, 1953) 
discussed in his papers. The interesting thing to 
note is that originally this was picked out and 
explained as a special case, and without consid- 
eration of Bowen’s data. It seems to be a good 
example of how the January-thaw singularity 
may come about. 
