150 
DISCUSSION 
S 
S 
M 
ALTITUDE IN 
=e) 0 (°C) 
TEMPERATURE 
90 100 110(%) 
REL.HUM. (ICE SAT.) 
i —2 
Fic. 11—Formation of snowflakes and growth of snow erystals of thin 
hollow column, 21h 30m-21h 40m, Jan. 30, 1959 
Company (HBC) whose transmitting station is 
at the top of Mt. Teine. The HBC offered many 
facilities for the observations. 
REFERENCES 
Barkow, E., Zur Entstehung der Graupeln, Met. 
Zs., 25, 456, 1908. 
Gop, L. W., anp B. W. Power, Dependence of the 
forms of natural snow crystals on meteorological 
conditions. J. Met., 11, 35, 1954. 
Kuertner, J. P., AND coworkers, A study of pre- 
cipitation system by means of snow crystals, 
synoptic and radar analysis, Final Rep. to US. 
Army, Signal Corps Eng. Lab., Contract No. 
DA-36-039, SC-73153, 1958. 
Macono, C., On the growth of 
graupel, Scz. Rep. Yokohama 
ser. 1, No. 2, 18 pp., 1953. 
Mural, G., On the relation between natural snow 
crystal forms and the upper air conditions, Low 
Temperature Science, Ser, A, 15, 14, 1956. 
Naxaya, U., Snow Crystals, natural and artificial, 
Harvard Univ. Press, 1954. 
snowflakes and 
National Univ., 
Discussion 
Dr. C. J. Grunow (communicated)—Dr. Ma- 
gono concludes from his very interesting observa- 
tions, that the crystal forms observed at Earth’s 
surface are mainly affected by the meteorological 
conditions within the layers lower than 2000 m. 
As shown by his observations of January 30, the 
upper layers (>2000 m) also cooperate if upper 
cloudiness is present. Otherwise the growth of 
columns and capped columns would not be ex- 
plicable. It is true the rate of growth in the 
