Legend 
4 = RAINOUT,mg m= 
O= AIR, ug m3 
O = PRECIPITATION,mg li"! 
CHLORIDE 
6 
° 
SEAWATER 
30h al 
25 —| 
20 4 
ist =| 
3 [ee | | SS hea as ee | 
1 15 2253 4 5 678910 15 20 2530 40 5060 80 100 
SULFUR 
Fic. 1—Regression of chloride on sulfur for air, 
rainout, and precipitation at Kinnvika, Spitsbergen 
SEAWATER 
CHLORIDE ,pq m-3 
MEAN ATMOSPHERE 
1 5 2.25.35 4 .5. 6 .7.8.910 is 
SULFUR, yg m™ 
2255 4 5678910 
Fic. 2—Regression of chloride on sulfur for air 
at Weather Station November 
much closer to the mean atmosphere than to sea 
water. Presumably this reflects the relatively 
calm weather of the mid-Pacific summer when 
little sea-spray is generated and the aerosol col- 
lected was predominantly that of the general 
atmosphere. Kinnvika, on the other hand, in an 
area of higher winds and generally less temperate 
climate, should show a much greater contribu- 
tion of marine aerosol. Woodcock (private com- 
munication) has pointed out that a great deal of 
minute marine aerosol is generated when snow 
falls into water; this may constitute an addi- 
tional source at some seasons. 
Bonn (Figs. 3 and 4), with numerous local 
JAMES P. LODGE 
sources of sulfur compounds, shows the far 
greater scatter to be expected under these cir- 
cumstances. The rainout shows a very pro- 
nounced flattening of slope as predicted by (4) 
above. The air regression has a greater slope 
which may or may not be significant, but most 
analyses lie farther to the right of the mean-at- 
mosphere line than do the rainout points, indi- 
cating higher relative sulfur concentrations. This 
confirms the thesis that local influences are 
shown more strongly by surface air analyses than 
by rainout. 
Similar effects are shown by the other stations 
considered. It is also worth noting that at Va- 
SEAWATER 
o 
| 
CHLORIDE 
rr 
[] 
D> oD 
is} 
[eT | es || 
MEAN ATMOSPHERE 
4 RAINOUT, mg m-2 
20f/— © PRECIPITATION, mg li-! x 107 
(a el 
20 25 30 
ee es ee 
ee 
40 50 60708090100 150 200250300 400500600 600 100 
SULFUR 
Fic. 3—Scatter diagram for rainout and pre- 
cipitation at Bonn, Germany; the line is a visual 
fit 
SEAWATER 
CHLORIDE ,UNITS - pg m7> 
MEAN ATMOSPHERE 
1 LS TU2pe 2S us: 4 5 678910 15 20 2530 40 50 60708090100 
SULFUR, UNITS-pg m-> 
Fia. 4—Regression for air at Bonn, Germany 
