INDKX 



315 



refractive index, 12-44 

 symbols, 255 



waveguide theory survey, -17-48 

 Nonstandard propagation, operational 



applications, 208-210 

 ground clutter interference, 208 

 radio countermeasures, 210 

 superrefraction, 208-210 

 VHF navigational aids, 2011-210 

 Nonstandard propagation in diffraction 



zone, 226-227 

 complex arguments, 227 

 Eckersley modes, 226 

 Gamow modes, 226 

 horizontal attenuation of various 



modes, 226 

 numerical integration method, 



226-227 

 phase integral methods, 227 



Oceanic surface duct, propagation in, 



247 

 Optical properties of earth surface and 

 atmosphere, 32-38 

 diffraction by terrain, 37-38 

 electromagnetic properties of ground, 



32-33 

 Fresnel formulas, 32-33 

 Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory, 



37 

 horizontal polarization, 32-34 

 Rayleigh criterion for roughness of 



ground, 36-37 

 reflection coefficients, 32-34 

 roughness of ground, 36-37 

 Snell's law, 36 

 standard refraction, 34-36 

 vertical polarization, 32-33 

 Organization of propagation research 

 program 

 initial committee membership, 7 

 liaison channels, 8 

 program plan, 6-7 

 Overland path transmission 

 experiment, 59-60 



Permanent echo diagrams, 134-135 



plotting data, 135 



typical preparation, 134-135 



uses, 134 

 Permanent echo prediction, 137-144 



methods of determination, 137 



profile method, 137-144 



radar planning device technique, 

 137-138 



supersonic method, 138 

 Permanent echoes in radar siting 



diagrams, 134-135 



microwaves, 144-145 



prediction of permanent echoes, 

 137-144 



reasons for variations, 135-136 

 shielding, 137 

 testing uses, 135-137 

 troublesome factors, 134 

 Perturbation theory for M curve in 

 nonstandard propagation, 



249-255 

 abstract, 249 

 application to general class of 



M anomalies, 254 

 computational program for 



exponential model, 254-255 

 evaluation of indefinite integral, 



251-252 

 formal solution by perturbation 



method, 250-251 

 iteration solution for characteristic 



values and coefficients, 253-254 

 properties of indefinite integral, 



252-253 

 Power transmission in standard 



propagation, 31-32 

 antenna gain, 31 



general transmission formula, 31-32 

 thermal noise power, 32 

 Precipitation echoes in radar, 184-185 

 Profile method of permanent echo 



prediction, 137-144 

 detailed example of difficult site, 



141-144 

 estimation of diffraction effects, 



139-140 

 general procedure, 140-141 

 line-of-sight curve, 138-140 

 plotting rules, 141 

 principal requirements, 138 

 Projects and contracts 



see Contracts and projects 

 Propagation, influencing factors 

 guided propagation, 190 

 refraction, 189-190 

 standard refraction, 189-190 

 superfraction, 190 

 Propagation, nonstandard 



see Nonstandard propagation 

 Propagation, standard 



see Standard propagation 

 Propagation Committee 

 see History of Propagation 



Committee 

 Propagation equation solution with 



Hankel functions, 237-239 

 conclusions, 239 

 exponential decay factor of 



horizontal waves, 237-238 

 field of dipole source equation, 237 

 given dependence of refraction index 



upon height, 237-238 

 Stokes phenomenon, 238 



Propagation fundamentals, 189-198 

 equivalent earth radius flat earth 



diagram, L95 

 factors influencing propagation, 



189-190 

 ground reflection, 190-193 

 horizon diffraction, 197-198 

 refraction over curved earth, 194-195 

 significance of propagation problems, 



189 

 Snell's law of refraction, 194 

 Propagation in oceanic surface duct, 



247 

 Propagation research 

 equipment problems, 26-27 

 meteorological problems, 26-27 

 organization, 6-7 

 origin, 5-8 



propagation problems, 26 

 recommendations, 26-27 



Radar, early warning heightfinding, 

 106-109 

 absolute altitude errors, 107-108 

 azimuth errors, 108 

 range errors, 108 

 relative altitude errors, 108 

 tolerances, 106-107 

 Radar, ground 



see Ground radar, equipment 

 Radar, precipitation echoes, 184-185 

 Radar and radio transmission 



relationship, 63-65 

 Radar coverage variations, 178-184 

 cloud echoes in radar, 184-185 

 guided propagation, 180-182 

 meteorological factors, 182-284 

 refraction of radio waves, 178-180 

 summary of radar propagation facts 

 185 

 Radar cross section, 82-84 

 Radar data test flights, 176 

 Radar errors due to atmospheric 

 refraction, 106-109 

 conclusions, 109 

 derivation of formulas, 109 

 early warning heightfinding radar, 



106-109 

 gunlaying (antiaircraft) radar, 



106-107, 109 

 refraction index variation, 106 

 surface surveillance radar, 108 

 Radar forecasting, 80-81 

 Radar planning device (RPD), 137-138 

 Radar range estimation over open 

 ocean, 256-257 

 attenuation constant, fractional 



change, 256-257 

 duct thickness, 257 

 low ducts, 256 



