IM)K\ 



317 



Surface duel, incipient leakage, 



233-234 

 Surface duct attenuation diagrams, 240 



Surface surveillance radar, 10S 



azimuth errors, 10!) 



range errors, 10!) 

 Symbols for use in theory of 



nonstandard propagation, 255 



Tactical aspects of radar systems, 



113-11-1 

 Temperature and humidity in meteoro- 

 logical measurements, 50 

 Temperature and moisture gradients, 



210-212 

 Temperature inversions 



coastal and maritime conditions, 



77-78 

 conditions for occurrence, 76, 213 

 conditions over land, 76-77 

 M curves, 43-44 

 meteorological factors, 182-184 

 Terrain effects on antenna 

 pattern, 164-166 

 cliff edge diffraction, 166 

 land reflection and diffraction, 166 

 limited reflecting area, 165 

 Terrain reflection characteristics, 



167-169 

 Test flights for radar data, 176 

 Testing of ground radars, 174-177 

 Tidal effects on signal strength, 219 

 Topography of siting, 115-120 

 azimuth of sun, 116-117 

 hour angle, 116 

 maps and surveys, 115 

 orientation, 116-117 

 profiles, 115-116 



Visibility problems, 117-120 



Transmission experiments, 



angle-of-arrival, 73-74 

 Transmission experiments, Antigua, 

 71-73 

 duct studies, 71 

 equipment employed, 71 

 field strength records, 71-73 

 M curve measurement, 71-72 

 Transmission experiments, British, 

 58-60 

 Irish Sea experiment, 58-59 

 overland path, 59-60 

 Transmission experiments, Canada, 67 

 Transmission experiments, east coast, 

 60-65 

 Bell Telephone Laboratories, 60 

 Radiation Laboratory (MIT), 60 

 RCA Communications, Inc., 60 

 relationship between radio and radar 



transmission, 63-65 

 results, 60-65 



signal occurrence frequency, 63 

 Transmission experiments, southwest, 

 68-71, 208 

 Arizona desert, 71 

 San Diego, 68-71, 208 

 Transmission experiments, State 



College of Washington, 65-67 

 Trapping, 182-185 



see also Guided propagation 

 Tropospheric propagation, 189-210 

 atmospheric stratification and 



refraction, 198-210 

 propagation fundamentals, 189-198 

 Turbulence 



see Stratification causes 

 Vertical coverage calculation for 

 ground radars, 145-174 



antenna patterns, 162-167 

 coefficient of reflection, 167-169 

 diagram construction, 146-147 

 divergence, 170 

 earth curvature effect on lobe 



lengths, 166-167 

 flat earth lobe angle calculations, 



147-149 

 general lobe angle formula, 152-155 

 general lobe formula, 171-174 

 lobe angles corrected for standard 



earth curvature, 149-152 

 lobe diagrams of medium height 



sites, 158 

 lobe lengths, 170 

 local terrain effects, 164-166 

 low site lobes, 155-156 

 modified antenna pattern, 162 

 reflection area, general formula, 



160-162 

 sea reflection with diffuse land 



reflection, 158-159 

 shoreline diffraction, 158, 162 

 Visibility problems, 117-120 

 diffraction angle, 120 

 dip and rise, 118-120 

 horizon distance, 117-118 

 intervening obstructions, 119 

 remote shielding, 119-120 

 solution by computation, 119-120 

 vertical angles, 120 



Wave picture of guided propagation, 



207-208 

 Wave propagation, 121 

 see also Nonstandard propagation; 



Standard propagation 

 Waveguide theory survey, 47-48 

 Wired sonde, 51 



