STANDARD PROPAGATION 
140 
120 
100 
DIELECTRIC CONSTANT 
2 14 
1000 Mc 
€|=60 O% FOR O=3.61 MHOS PER METER 
Ficurs 2. Dielectric constant of sea water at 17 C. 
The reflection coefficient is given by Fresnel’s 
formulas. Let y indicate the angle between the 
incident ray and the horizontal reflecting surface. 
Then, for horizontal polarization 
sin sin YW — V « — cos’ p (7) 
sin ¥ + Ve, — cos? y 
and for vertical polarization 
R= pe = 
——— 
| sa [| 
’ SEES EEESes! 
Ficure 3. Amplitude, p, of the reflection coefficient 
versus reflection angle, y, from y = 0 to Y = 5.5° for 
sea water. 
€, Sin y — Ve, — cos? 
R= pex?? = - ees 
e, sin Wy + Ve, — cos* yp’ 
(8) 
where p designates the magnitude of the reflection 
coefficient, and ¢ the phase lag of the reflected ray 
at reflection. Figure 3 illustrates the amplitude of the 
reflection coefficient for sea water as a function of 
the angle y for several frequencies. Figure 4 shows 
the corresponding phase lag at reflection. 
Gene POLARIZATION 
Figure 4. Phase lag, ¢, of the reflection coefficient 
versus reflection angle, , from y = 0 to W = 5.5° for 
sea water. 
